Chapter 43: Sleep Flashcards by Melvin Alcantara

Biological Clocks

An internal body clock that regulates a cycle of a specific physiological process

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Cataplexy

Sudden muscle weakness associated with intense emotions

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Circadian rhythm

24 hour day/night cycle

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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness(EDS)

Symptom resulting from an underlying sleep condition that stimulates the motivation to sleep

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Hypersomnolence

recurrent episodes of EDS or prolonged nighttime sleep that is not restorative

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Hypnotics

Medications that induce sleep

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Insomnia

A symptom of chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, & or short or non-restored sleep

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Narcolepsy

Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep & wake states

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Nocturia

Urination during the night

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Non Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (NREM)

Dreamless sleep consisting of 4 stages with stage 1&2 being of light sleep & 3&4 being of deep sleep each 15-30 min long

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Polysomnogram

Use of EEG, EMG, & EOG to monitor multiple stages of sleep & wakefulness during night time sleep

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Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

Sleep phase where lucid dreams occur

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Sedatives

Meds that induce a calming/relaxing effect (benzodiazpines)

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Sleep apnea

Lack of airflow through nose & mouth that > or = 10 sec during sleep

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Sleep Deprivation

Lack of sleep caused by difficulty going or staying asleep

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Sleep Hygiene

Routines that are necessary to have good sleep quality & duration with no signs of sleepiness during the day

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Where is the sleep center located?

Hypothalamus

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What does the Epworth Sleepiness Scale measure?

Evaluates severty of excessive daytime sleepiness

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What are the factors that can disrupt sleep?

Drugs
Lifestyle patterns
Emotional stress
Environment
Diet
Exercise right before bed

Why are older adults more likely to be aroused from sleep?

NREM stages 3&4(delta) start to decline(deep sleep stages)

Insomnia is common among what age group?

Middle adults (35-65)

Older & middle adults are more likely to experience sleep disturbances due to what?

Reduced NREM sleep (physical & psychological repair)

What are the primary functions of sleep?

Restore organ functions
Tissue recovery
Cognitive restoration

What does the sleep center secrete to promote wakefulness & REM sleep?

Hypocretins(orexins)

What system of the brain maintains wakefulness & alertness?

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

What does the RAS secrete to maintain wakefulness & alertness?

Adrenaline

What does the sleep center secrete to control sleep?

* Prosta D2 * **L-tryptophan** * Growth factors

What is the purpose of the Pitssburgh Sleep Index?

Assess sleep quality & patterns

What is this scale?

The visual analog scale

Define: Sleep Disorders

Conditions that cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in one of three problems: * Insomnia * Abnormal movements/sensation during sleep or when waking up at night * excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)

Define: Transient Insomnia

Insomnia caused by daily stressors

Name the 3 types of sleep apnea

1. Central 2. Obstructive 3. Mixed

Common conditions that lead to central apnea?

1. Encephalitis 2. muscular dystrophy 3. brain stem injury

What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?

* Obesity * Hypertension

What are some ways to manage narcolepsy?

* Antidepressants * Exercise * Naps \<20 min * Chewing gum * Good Sleep hygiene

What are the common symptoms of narcolepsy?

* EDS * Cataplexy * Vivid dreams * Sleep paralysis

Define: Parasomnias

Sleep disorders common in children

List the type of parasomnias

* Somnambulism (sleep walking) * Nightmares * Nocturnal eneuresis (bed wetting) * Body rocking * Bruxism (grinding teeth)

The presence of parasomnias is an indication of what?

Serious disorder

What are some nursing assessment questions for the root cause of sleep problems.

* Describe for me they type of sleep problem you are having * Why do you think you're not getting enough sleep? * Describe a recent night of sleep, how does it differ from your usual pattern?

What are some nursing assessment questions for the signs & symptoms of a sleep problem?

* Do you have difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up? * Has anyone complained that you snore loudly? * Do you have any headaches upon waking up?

What are some nuring assessment questions for the onset & durations of S/S?

* When did you notice the problem? * What do you do to reliee the symptom? * How long has this gone on for?

Wht are some nursing assessment questions for assessing the severity of a sleep problem?

* How long does it take you to fall asleep? * How often do you have trouble falling asleep? * How many hours of sleep/ night did you get this week?

What are some nursing assessment questons for assessing predisposing factors to sleep problems?

* What do you do just before bed? * How is your mood? Has it changed recently? * Does anyone in your family have a history of sleep problems?

What are some nursing assessment questions for assessing how the sleep problem has effected the patient?

* How has the loss of sleep affected you? * Do you feel excessively sleepy, irritable, or have trouble concentrating during the day? * Do you have trouble staying awake?

What are the appropriate nursing Dx for sleep alterations?

* Anxiety * Ineffective Breathing Pattern * Acute Confusion * Ineffective Coping * Insomnia * Fatigue * Disturbed Sleep Pattern * Sleep Deprivation * Readiness for Enhanced Sleep * Compromised Family Coping