Chapter 45

Question 1

What plays an important role in regulation of endocrine hormones and secreting hormones into the bloodstream?

Answer 1

The pituitary gland

Question 2

The endocrine system involves the release of chemical transmitter substance is known as what?

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

Abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Answer 3

Exophthalmos

Question 4

What test may be used to measure the amount of hormones or the end products of hormone excreted by the kidneys

Answer 4

Urine test

Question 5

What test is used to confirm hypo function of an endocrine organ?

Answer 5

Stimulation test

Question 6

What test is used to detect hyper function of the endocrine organ?

Answer 6

Suppression test

Question 7

What hormone is essential for growth and development? 

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)

Question 8

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolarity levels 

Answer 8

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Question 9

Which hormone regulates growth in children and energy and metabolism in adults?

Answer 9

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 10

Group of systems produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
Characterized by; truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

Answer 10

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 11

A disorder caused by excessive amounts of GH in adults. Results in enlargement of peripheral body parts and soft tissue

Answer 11

Acromegaly

Question 12

Insufficient secretion of GH during childhood can result in generalized limited growth and pituitary what

Answer 12

Dwarfism

Question 13

A rare disorder that occurs due to injury to hypothalamus or pituitary gland with deficiency of ADH that results in excretion of large volumes of dilute urine and extreme thirst

Answer 13

Diabetes insipidus

Question 14

Chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest is called

Answer 14

Basal metabolic rate

Question 15

Surgical removal of the pituitary gland

Answer 15

Hypophysectomy

Question 16

What is the primary etiology for diabetes insipidus

Answer 16

Head trauma

Question 17

Why can’t fluids be restricted when treating diabetes insipidus?

Answer 17

Attempting to restrict fluids causes the patient to crave fluid and develop hypernatremia and severe dehydration

Question 18

What is the drug of choice for diabetes insipidus? Can be given orally or intranasally 

Answer 18

Desmopressin

Question 19

What is the largest endocrine gland?

Answer 19

Thyroid gland

Question 20

What three hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 20

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

Question 21

What is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones?

Answer 21

Iodine

Question 22

Normal thyroid hormone production is called?

Answer 22

Euthyroid

Question 23

This hormone is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium and it reduces the plasma level of calcium by increasing its deposition in bone

Answer 23

Calcitonin

Question 24

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone manifested by a greatly increased metabolic rate?

Answer 24

Hyperthyroidism

Question 25

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones is usually associated with an enlarged thyroid gland that is also called?

Answer 25

Goiter 

Question 26

How do you assess the thyroid gland?

Answer 26

The patient is instructed to extend the neck slightly and swallow. Thyroid tissue rises normally with swallowing

Question 27

If an enlarged thyroid gland is palpable what happens next?

Answer 27

The thyroid gland is auscultated using the diaphragm of the stethoscope. Auscultation identifies audible vibrations of bruits 

Question 28

What is an increase blood flow through the thyroid gland associated with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 28

Bruit

Question 29

Deficit of thyroid hormone is called?

Answer 29

Hypothyroidism

Question 30

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults?

Answer 30

Hashimoto thyroiditis ( the immune system attacks the thyroid gland) 

Question 31

What are signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 31

Fatigue weight gain cold intolerance dry skin deepening of the voice

Question 32

In adequate ventilation and sleep apnea can occur with severe what

Answer 32

Hypothyroidism

Question 33

This, is a rare life-threatening condition with severe? The patient becomes hypothermic an unconscious

Answer 33

Myxedema

Question 34

Patients who are in myxedema coma may experience?

Answer 34

Hyponatremia hypoglycemia hypoventilation hypotension bradycardia hypothermia

Question 35

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 35

Synthetic levothyroxine

Question 36

What is an auto immune disorder that results from an excessive amount of thyroid glands caused by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulins

Answer 36

Graves’ disease

Question 37

What disease may present with exophthalmos and may exhibit reduce blinking and lid retraction

Answer 37

Graves’ disease

Question 38

If hypothyroidism is severe and left untreated what complications may occur

Answer 38

Myocardial hypertrophy heart failure

Question 39

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 39

Exopthalmos Increase in appetite diarrhea weight loss thin skin goiter fine tremors sweating

Question 40

What is the most common form of treatment for Graves’ disease

Answer 40

Radioactive iodine

Question 41

What are common treatments of hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

Anti-thyroid agents radioactive iodine surgery

Question 42

Radioactive iodine is contraindicated during what?

Answer 42

Pregnancy

Question 43

Form of severe hyperthyroidism usually abrupt onset. Almost always fatal if left untreated. Manifested by cardiac arrhythmias, fever, and neurologic impairment

Answer 43

Thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis)

Question 44

Anti-thyroid medications are taken when? (Thionamides)

Answer 44

Take medication 30 minutes before eating in the AM

Question 45

The most common type of goiter that occurs when iodine intake is deficient

Answer 45

Simple or colloid goiter

Question 46

Formation of stones in one of the kidneys

Answer 46

Nephrolithiasis

Question 47

Primary adrenal insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function

Answer 47

Addison’s disease