chapter 45 Flashcards
holes in bones is called
osteoporosis
etiology of osteoporosis
lack of calcium in bones
non-modifiable osteoporosis risk factors
age
gender (female)
post menopause (lack of estrogen)
race (white)
modifiable osteoporosis risk factors
PPI’s (omeprazole & other -zole meds)
glucocorticoids (prednisone & other -sone)
diet (lack of vitamin D)
fractures/trauma
obesity
inactivity/immobility
alcohol
S/S of osteoporosis
pain
pathological fractures (spontaneous fractures)
kyphosis
how do pathological fractures occur
spontaneously when pt moves without trauma
osteoporosis diagnostic studies
MRI
CT scan
DEXA scan (bone density scan)
how often should a DEXA scan be performed
once per year for prevention
a normal DEXA scan score is
-1 and above
DEXA score of -1.1 through -2.4 would indicate
osteopenia
DEXA score of -2.5 & below would indicate
osteoporosis
is a DEXA score of zero normal?
yes it means bone density is perfect
what do osteoclasts do
break down calcium in bones
what happens to calcium broken down by osteoclasts
released into the bloodstream
osteoporosis treatment
lifestyle changes
raloxifen (menopausal women)
alendronate
NSAIDS (pain)
vitamin D (any kind)
calcium supplements
what medicine increases estrogen and prevent osteoporosis in post menopausal woman
raloxifen
medication that treats osteoporosis and may cause esophageal ulcers
alendronate (fosamax)
pt education for taking alendronate
-take w full glass of water on empty stomach
- stay upright for at least 30 mins to an hr after taking
is osteoporosis reversible?
yes
which kind of doctor would provide care for osteoporosis
rheumatologist
adverse effects of calcium supplements
kidney stones
how to prevent kidney stones from calcium supplements
drink lots of fluids
osteoporosis complications
kyphosis
pathological fractures
pain
osteoporosis nursing interventions
educate pt:
- increase calcium & vitamin D intake
- weight bearing exercise for 30 mins (brisk walk)
- smoking cessation
- limit alcohol
