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BIO 301 > Chapter 4.5: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Cellular Generators > Flashcards

Chapter 4.5: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Cellular Generators Flashcards

1
Q

Define mitochondria

A

the organelle called the powerhouse of the cell

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2
Q

What is the organelle called the powerhouse of the cell?

A

mitochondria

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3
Q

How does the mitochondria increase surface area?

A

o The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is shaped into folds called cristae that greatly increase the surface area

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4
Q

Define matrix

A

the solution in the interior space surrounded by the cristae that contains the enzymes and other molecules involved in oxidative respiration

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5
Q

What is the solution in the interior space surrounded by the cristae that contains the enzymes and other molecules involved in oxidative respiration?

A

matrix

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6
Q

Define intermembrane space

A

the outercompartment of a mitochondrion that lies between the two membranes

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7
Q

What is the outercompartment of a mitochondrion that lies between the two membranes?

A

intermembrane space

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8
Q

Define chloroplast

A

a cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll (and usually other pigments) and carries out photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is a cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll (and usually other pigments) and carries out photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast

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10
Q

Define granum

A

a stacked column of flattened, interconnected disks (thylakoids) that are part of the thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts

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11
Q

What is a stacked column of flattened, interconnected disks (thylakoids) that are part of the thylakoid membrane system in chloroplasts?

A

granum

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12
Q

Define thylakoid

A

a complex, organized internal membrane composed of flattened disks, which contain the photosystems involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is a complex, organized internal membrane composed of flattened disks, which contain the photosystems involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A

thylakoid

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14
Q

Define stroma

A

o Stroma- fluid matrix surrounding the thylakoid

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15
Q

Define leucoplasts

A

o Leucoplasts- other DNA-containing organelles in plants that lack pigment and a complex internal structure

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16
Q

Define amyloplast

A

a plant organelle called a plastid that specializes in storing starch

17
Q

What is a plant organelle called a plastid that specializes in storing starch?

A

amyloplast

18
Q

Define plastid

A

an organelle in the cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes that is the site of photosynthesis and, in plants and green algae, of starch storage

19
Q

What is an organelle in the cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes that is the site of photosynthesis and, in plants and green algae, of starch storage?

A

plastid

20
Q

Define endosymbiosis

A

theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different species of prokaryotes

21
Q

What is a theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different species of prokaryotes?

A

endosymbiosis

22
Q

What is label A of the mitochondrion?

A

outer membrane

23
Q

What is label B of the mitochondrion?

A

inner membrane

24
Q

What is label C of the mitochondrion?

A

intermembrane space

25
Q

What is label D of the mitochondrion?

A

cristae

26
Q

What is label E of the mitochondrion?

A

DNA

27
Q

What is label F of the mitochondrion?

A

DNA

28
Q

What is label G of the mitochondrion?

A

matrix

29
Q

What is label H of the mitochondrion?

A

ribosome

30
Q

What is label A of the chloroplast?

A

ribosome

31
Q

What is label B of the chloroplast?

A

DNA

32
Q

What is label C of the chloroplast?

A

Stroma

33
Q

What is label D of the chloroplast?

A

granum

34
Q

What is label E of the chloroplast?

A

thylakoid disk

35
Q

What is label F of the chloroplast?

A

inner membrane

36
Q

What is label G of the chloroplast?

A

outer membrane

37
Q

What is label H of the chloroplast?

A

thylakoid membrane

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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