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US History 2 > Chapter 46 > Flashcards

Chapter 46 Flashcards

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1
Q

James Meredith

A

1st African American; graduate of Univ. of Mississippi

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2
Q

Stokely Carmichael

A

young leader of the SNCC who promoted violence

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3
Q

Who led the MARCH AGAINST FEAR?

A

James Meredith

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4
Q

How long was the march against fear?

A

from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi to stand up for their rights by registering to vote

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5
Q

What happened to James Meredith after the march?

A

He was shot but survived

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6
Q

Who promoted black power?

A

Stokely Carmichael

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7
Q

James Baldwin

A

published an essay on what it was like to be black in the US

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8
Q

GHETTO

A

part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live

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9
Q

Where was the Watts Riot?

A

Watts, LA; Af. Am. ghetto

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10
Q

How did the Watts Riot end?

A

14,000 National Guards were sent to Watts to restore order

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11
Q

Where was the riot in NJ that lasted for 6 days?

A

Newark

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12
Q

What did President Lyndon Johnson establish?

A

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders/KERNER COMMISSION

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13
Q

What was the Kerner Commission for?

A

examine the cause of riots, later discovering blacks dont have equal pay

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14
Q

Which 2 factors contributed to Af. Am. discrimination when it was investigated by Kerner Commission?

A

Social and economic despair

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15
Q

What/who’s teachings did Malcolm Little follow?

A

Elijah Muhammed

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16
Q

What did Malcolm Little establish? What did it do?

A

Nation of Islam/Black Muslims (began integrating Muslims of all colors)

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17
Q

BLACK NATIONALISM

A

doctrine that called for complete separation from white society; independent

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18
Q

Who established black nationalism?

A

Nation of Islam

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19
Q

Where did Macolm go to convert to orthodox Islam and begin to reach out to people of all races, making broader calls for human rights?

A

Mecca

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20
Q

What happened to Malcolm when he returned to the US?

A

Assassinated at NYC by 3 members of the Nation of Islam

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21
Q

What was black power?

A

political and economic power, pride in being black

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22
Q

What did Carmichael convert?

A

SNCC from an integrated organization to an all-black organization

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23
Q

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

A

found the Black Panther Party in Oakland, Cali

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24
Q

What did Bobby Seale and Huey Newton develop?

A

10-point platform for freedom, power,goals

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25
What method did the Black Panther Party promote to conquer discrimination?
RADICAL APPROACH: Shot at? Shoot back. This caused FBI to intervene
26
What war was going on during the fight for civil rights?
Vietname War
27
PLEBISCIT
vote on a question of importance among Af. Am. to determine the "will of black people as to their national destiny"
28
How did blacks shape public policy?
political process known as VOTER REGISTRATION DRIVES
29
Who was the 1st black senator since 1881?
Edward Brooke of Massachusetts
30
1st black woman to win election to the House of Rep (1968)
Shirley Chisholm of NY
31
African Americans of the House of Representatives started what?
Congressional Black Caucas
32
What did the congressional Black Caucas do?
worked to address legislative concerns of Af. Am. citizens
33
1st black mayof of the major US city
Carl Stokes of Cleveland, Ohio
34
1st black mayor of LA; how did he win?
Tom Bradley; he joined inner-city blacks, Jews, business and labor leaders; he was elected 4 times (20 years of being mayor)
35
1st black Supreme Court justice
Thurgood Marshall
36
AFROCENTRISM
taking pride on African heritage such as history, culture, achievements, and descendants
37
Afros
African hairstyles
38
Kwanzaa
holiday taking place each year between Dec. 26-Jan 1 to celebrate 7 principles including faith, creativity, unity
39
Af. Am poet
Nikki Giovanni
40
af am novelists
Maya Angelous, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker
41
Roots TV show based on who's novel
Alex Haley
42
Where was MLK shot? When?
March 31, 1968 at Memphis, Tennessee to support sanitation workers' strike
43
What shift did MLK make in his focus?
from politics to economic equality
44
Where did Af. Am. join realtors and bankers to encourage housing?
Chicago
45
Civil Rights Act of 1968
fair housing; stopped de facto seg
46
Civil Rights Act of 1964
promote school desegregation
47
Alexander v. Holmes Country Board of Ed
segregated Mississippi school district integration
48
Swann v. Charlotte-Meklenburg Board of Ed *
North Carolina; students now were able to bus to school outside of neighborhoods to create more racially balanced schools
49
Chief Justice Warren Burger
"Desegregation can't be limited to walk-in schools" (Swann. v. Charlotte-M Board of Ed)
50
Where was the resistance strongest to desegregation?
South Boston
51
1st integration
south Boston High School in Boston; 90% of whites boycotted classes and trapped Af. Am. inside
52
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
President Johnson: policy called on employers to actively seek to increase the number of minorities in their workspace; company must reflect diversity of country
53
President Richard Nixon
required written plans by gov. contractors in affirmative actions
54
PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
giving preference to a minority/gender
55
Allan Bakke
challenged preferential treatment in univ. admissions; applied to University of Cali Davis Medical School
56
University of Cali vs. Bakke
4-4: Lewis Powell thought race could be used as a criterion in choosing students but opposed the system of preferential treatment
57
REVERSE DISCRIMINATION
rejected b/c he's white
58
Proposition 209
State shall not discriminate against/grant preferential treatment o group based on race, sex, color, ethnicity, national origin in operation of public employment, education, contracting
59
Shelby Stells
Af. Am. are inferior and need help; studied drawbacks and benefits of affirmative action programs
60
Coretta Scott King
wrote article opposing measure of proposition 209 (supported affirmative action, which was having an even # of races)

US History 2 (8 decks)

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