Chapter 47 Circulatory System Flashcards
(20 cards)
Open Circulatory System
Arthropods and some mollusks have one or more hearts that pump fluid through vessels that open into the animal’s body cavity, called the hemocoel. The fluid in the vessels and the interstitial fluids mingle in one large, mixed compartment, rather than being located in separate body compartments.
Gastrovascular Cavity
A Body cavity with a single opening to the outside that functions as both mouth and anus.
Hemolymph
The mixture of interstitial fluid “blood”. In insects
Closed Circulatory System
Blood and interstitial fluid are physically separated and differ in their components and chemical composition. (earthworms, cephalopods, and all vertebrates.)
Blood
A watery solution containing solutes to be transported throughout the body.
Atrium
A filling chamber to collect blood from the tissues.
Ventricles
An exit chamber to collect blood from the tissues.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the oxygen source, body, or both.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Arterioles
A single-celled layer of endothelium surrounded by one or two layers of smooth muscle and connective tissue.
Capillaires
Tubes composed of a single-celled layer of endothelium resting on a layer of extracellular matrix called a basal lamina.
Venules
A small, thin-walled extension of a capillary that empties into larger vessels called veins that return blood to the heart for another trip around the circulation.
Continuous Capillaries
Smooth walls and no holes of vessels.
Fenestrated capillaries
Tiny holes in the vessel walls that allow the plasma, water, and O2 to enter interstitial fluid.
Pulmocutaneous Circulation
The routing of blood from the heart to the gas exchange organs (lungs and skin) of frogs and some other amphibians.
Systematic Circulation
The pumping of blood from the left side of an animal’s heart to the body to drop off O2 and nutrients and pick up CO2 and wastes. The blood then returns to the right side of the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation
The pumping of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide.
Plasma
The fluid part of blood that contains water and dissolved solutes.
Leukocytes
White blood cells. A cell that develops from the marrow of certain bones of vertebrates; all of these perform vital functions that defend the body against infection and disease.
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells. A cell that serves the critical function of transporting oxygen throughout an animal’s body.
