CHAPTER 5

Question 1

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

a) dermis.
b) epidermis.
c) stratum corneum.
d) stratum basale.
e) hypodermis.

Answer 1

HYPODERMIS

Question 2

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

a) epidermis.
b) dermis.
c) hypodermis.
d) subcutaneous layer.
e) superficial fascia.

Answer 2

EPIDERMIS

Question 3

Choose the following statements that describe keratin.

1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein.
2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin.
3. Keratin helps protect the skin.
4. Keratin participates in immune responses.
5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

a) 1 and 3
b) 1, 3, 4, 5
c) 2, 4, 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
e) 3 and 5

Answer 3

1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein.

3. Keratin helps protect the skin.

Question 4

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

a) Keratin
b) Melanin
c) Melatonin
d) Carotene
e) Hemoglobin

Answer 4

MELANIN

Question 5

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
b) Melanocytes
c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)
d) Stem Cells

Answer 5

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

Question 6

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum
d) Stratum lucidum
e) Stratum corneum

Answer 6

a) Stratum basale

Question 7

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

a) stratum basale.
b) stratum spinosum.
c) stratum granulosum.
d) stratum lucidum.
e) stratum corneum.

Answer 7

c) stratum granulosum.

Question 8

Which statements are true?

1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.
2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.
3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum.
4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 1 and 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 1 and 2
e) 3 and 4

Answer 8

1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.
2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.

Question 9

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

a) stratum basale.
b) stratum spinosum.
c) stratum granulosum.
d) stratum lucidum.
e) stratum corneum.

Answer 9

a) stratum basale.

Question 10

Put the events of keratinization in order.

A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules
B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide
C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix.
D. Cells within this layer proliferate

a) d,b,c,a
b) a,b,d,c
c) b,d,a,c
d) d,b,a,c

Answer 10

D. Cells within this layer proliferate
B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide
A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules
C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells embedded in lipid matrix.

Question 11

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

a) hypodermis.
b) basement membrane.
c) epidermis.
d) dermis.
e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

Answer 11

subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

Question 12

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

a) melanin.
b) carotene.
c) both melanin and carotene.
d) keratin.
e) melanocytes.

Answer 12

a) melanin.

Question 13

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

a) Melanocytes
b) Sebaceous glands
c) Sweat glands
d) Stratum lucidum
e) Epidermal ridges

Answer 13

c) Sweat glands

Question 14

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described?

a) Terminal
b) Vellus
c) Lanugo
d) Papilla

Answer 14

c) Lanugo

Question 15

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.

a) Sebaceous gland
b) Eccrine gland
c) Apocrine gland
d) Eccrine and apocrine glands
e) Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

Answer 15

a) Sebaceous gland

Question 16

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

a) Sweat
b) Cerumen
c) Sebum
d) Mucus

Answer 16

c) Sebum

Question 17

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

a) Sebaceous gland
b) Eccrine sweat gland
c) Apocrine sweat gland
d) Ceruminous gland

Answer 17

b) Eccrine sweat gland

Question 18

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)

a) hypertrophic scar.
b) keloid scar.
c) granulation scar.
d) epidermal scar.

Answer 18

b) keloid scar.

Question 19

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant’s blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

a) cyanosis.
b) pallor.
c) jaundice.
d) alopecia.
e) erythema.

Answer 19

c) jaundice.

Question 20

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

a) Carotene production
b) Melanin production
c) Tyrosine production
d) Hemoglobin production
e) Keratin production

Answer 20

b) Melanin production

Question 21

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

a) Hirsutism
b) Pallor
c) Jaundice
d) Male-pattern baldness
e) Erythema

Answer 21

d) Male-pattern baldness

Question 22

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

a) Hemangioma
b) Keratosis
c) Hives
d) Eczema

Answer 22

d) Eczema

Question 23

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

a) Callus
b) Blister
c) Wart
d) Corn
e) Cyst

Answer 23

d) Corn

Question 24

) Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

a) Abrasion
b) Blister
c) Keloid
d) Laceration
e) Cyst

Answer 24

d) Laceration

Question 25

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are a) urticaria. b) contusions. c) papules. d) cysts. e) calluses.

Answer 25

a) urticaria.

Question 26

Which terms describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. apocrine

Answer 26

1. oil producing 3. holocrine 5. sebum

Question 27

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. a) Basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum b) Granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale c) Corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale d) Corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale e) Corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

Answer 27

c) Corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

Question 28

How do nutrients reach the epidermis? a) Absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin b) Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis c) The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d) Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Answer 28

d) Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

Question 29

"Goose bumps" are caused by a) contraction of arrector pili muscles. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands. c) contraction of dermal papillae. d) stimulation of hair root plexus. e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

Answer 29

a) contraction of arrector pili muscles.

Question 30

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange? a) The pigment carotene is stored there. b) The pigment hemoglobin is stored there. c) The pigment pheomelanin is stored there. d) The pigment eumelanin is stored there. e) The pigment keratin is stored there.

Answer 30

a) The pigment carotene is stored there.

Question 31

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop? a) Endoderm b) Ectoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both endoderm and ectoderm

Answer 31

b) Ectoderm

Question 32

Which statements describing vitamin D are true? 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

Answer 32

2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines.

Question 33

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c? a) Papillary region of the dermis b) Reticular region of the dermis c) Subcutaneous layer d) Hypodermis e) Epidermis

Answer 33

b) Reticular region of the dermis

Question 34

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

Answer 34

1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

Question 35

The skin is known as the ________ membrane. a) cutaneous b) mucous c) synovial d) serous e) subcutaneous

Answer 35

a) cutaneous

Question 36

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect a) the ability to thermoregulate. b) the ability to grow hair. c) the ability to feel sensations. d) the ability to produce vitamin D.

Answer 36

a) the ability to thermoregulate.

Question 37

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum

Answer 37

d) 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1 4. Stratum corneum 6. Stratum lucidum 3. Stratum granulosum 2. Stratum spinosum 5. Stratum basale 1. dermis

Question 38

________ is/are a result of a progressive loss of collagen and elastic fibers. a) Rosacea b) Wrinkles c) Photosensitivity d) Melanoma

Answer 38

b) Wrinkles

Question 39

An increase in the size or decrease in function of melanocytes can lead to a) atypical skin pigmentation. b) melanoma. c) vitiligo. d) rosacea.

Answer 39

a) atypical skin pigmentation.