Chapter 5

Question 1

An activity to obtain relevant information regarding the specified research questions or objectives

Answer 1

DATA COLLECTION

Question 2

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

Answer 2

Questionnaires
Interviews
Tests
Observation

Question 3

A paper-based or electronic tool for collecting information about a particular research interest

Answer 3

Questionnaire

Question 4

Types of Questionnaire

Answer 4

structured
unstructured
semi-structured

Question 5

uses closed-ended questions

Answer 5

structured

Question 6

allows participants to respond to open-ended questions

Answer 6

unstructured

Question 7

have characteristic of both structured and unstructured

Answer 7

semi-structured

Question 8

used mainly for assessing various skills and types of behavior as well as for describing certain characteristics

Answer 8

Test

Question 9

scored uniformly across different areas and groups

Answer 9

STANDARDIZED TEST

Question 10

administered to specific sets of people

Answer 10

NON-STANDARDIZED TEST

Question 11

2 MOST COMMON TYPES OF TEST

Answer 11

*Achievement Test
*Aptitude Test

Question 12

Types of Test Questions

Answer 12

Recall Questions
Recognition Questions
Open-Ended Questions

Question 13

Close Test, Identification, Enumeration

Answer 13

Recall Questions

Question 14

Multiple-choice, Matching, Dichotomous

Answer 14

Recognition Questions

Question 15

Non-performance Based, Performance Based

Answer 15

Open-Ended Questions

Question 16

is a method of collecting data about an individual’s behaviors, opinions, values, emotions, and demographic characteristics using numerical data.

Answer 16

Interview

Question 17

Allows the researcher to examine an actual phenomenon or behavior of a subject or participant

Answer 17

Observation

Question 18

participants alter their behavior due to their awareness that they are being observed

Answer 18

Hawthorne Effect

Question 19

Forms of Observation

Answer 19

Controlled Observation
Natural Observation
Participant Observation

Question 20

provides more reliable data because they are obtained through a structured and well-defined process

Answer 20

Controlled Observation

Question 21

researcher does not control the circumstances but allows the natural flow of events to happen

Answer 21

Natural Observation

Question 22

allows researcher to become a member of the group or community that the participants belong to

Answer 22

Participant Observation

Question 23

A document that provides the participants with the information they need in deciding whether they will participate or not in your study

Answer 23

Informed Consent Form (ICF)

Question 24

Involves editing, coding, tabulating, and summarizing information through graphs and tables

Answer 24

DATA PROCESSING TECHNIQUE

Question 25

Gathered data are checked for consistency, accuracy, organization, and clarity

Answer 25

editing

Question 26

Gathered data are classified into categories, numerals, symbols, or other systems of labeling

Answer 26

coding

Question 27

Raw data are condensed into a more compact form; table is used

Answer 27

tabulating

Question 28

The data being edited, coded, and tabulated are presented through

Answer 28

non-prose materials

Question 29

are graphic or visual representations of sets of data or information

Answer 29

Non-prose materials

Question 30

Help condense and classify information using columns and rows

Answer 30

TABLES

Question 31

Focus on immediately representing how a change in one variable relates to another

Answer 31

GRAPHS

Question 32

Contains vertical and horizontal bars and comparisons of amounts and quantities

Answer 32

bar

Question 33

Shows trends and changes in the data

Answer 33

line

Question 34

Shows the relationship of parts to a whole, usually in percentages and proportions

Answer 34

circle or pie

Question 35

2 Types of Statistical Tests

Answer 35

1. Parametric Test 2. Non-parametric Test

Question 36

involves the use of statistical tests to address research questions or objectives, and to examine the relationship between the DV and IV

Answer 36

Data Analysis

Question 37

involves two variables DV and IV

Answer 37

bivariate data

Question 38

Identify which statistical info is most important

Answer 38

DATA GATHERING

Question 39

rests on a number of assumptions about the distribution of data (have more stat power)

Answer 39

Parametric test

Question 40

rests on a few or no assumptions regarding the distribution of data

Answer 40

Non-parametric test

Question 41

5 of the most common stat techniques

Answer 41

Pearson’s r Spearman’s rho ANOVA Multiple Regression t test

Question 42

Parametric stat method used for determining whether there is a linear relationship between variables

Answer 42

Pearson’s r

Question 43

Parametric stat method used for determining whether there is a linear relationship between variables

Answer 43

Pearson’s r

Question 44

Non-parametric stat method that tests the relationship between ordinal variables

Answer 44

Spearman’s rho

Question 45

Tests differences among the means of more than two groups of samples

Answer 45

ANOVA

Question 46

Tests differences among groups concerning one variable

Answer 46

one-way ANOVA

Question 47

Tests relationships between 2 nominal IV and 1 interval/continuous DV

Answer 47

two-way ANOVA

Question 48

Tests relationship between 1 DV and at least 2 IV

Answer 48

Multiple Regression

Question 49

Parametric stat method that tests the difference between 2 means

Answer 49

T-test

Question 50

Paired t-test Sample groups highly related to each other

Answer 50

T-test Two dependent samples

Question 51

Tests the difference between data sets from 2 different groups

Answer 51

T-test Two independent samples

Question 52

Process of determining whether there is a sufficient statistical evidence to support your hypothesis

Answer 52

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Question 53

the probability value that must be reached before the findings obtained will be statistically significant

Answer 53

Alpha level

Question 54

alpha level for social science

Answer 54

0.05

Question 55

alpha level for sciences

Answer 55

0.01 or 0.001

Question 56

the value that determines whether to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis

Answer 56

Test statistic

Question 57

2 APPROACHES IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Answer 57

Critical value approach P-value approach

Question 58

How likely or unlikely the data obtained will meet the values suggested by HA

Answer 58

Critical value approach

Question 59

How extreme the findings must be leaning to the HA

Answer 59

P-value approach