Chapter 5

Question 1

which embryonic layer forms the CNS, special senses, skin, and glands?

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

which embryonic layer form skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive organs?

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

which embryonic layer forms the respiratory system, liver, pancreas and digestive system?

Answer 3

endoderm

Question 4

what are the three embryonic layer?

Answer 4

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 5

what happens during week 4 of fetal development?

Answer 5

the fetal heart starts to beat, the body is flexed with c shaped arms and leg buds

Question 6

all body organ are formed during week 8. true or false

Answer 6

true

Question 7

when does the first indication of musculoskeletal ossification occur?

Answer 7

during week 8 of fetal development

Question 8

during 10-12 week the fetal heart rate can be heard using a doppler. true or false

Answer 8

true

Question 9

sometimes between 8-12 weeks the heart rate can be heard with the use of a Doppler. true or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

during which week can the sex of the fetus be determined?

Answer 10

12 weeks

Question 11

what happens at 12 weeks of fetal development?

Answer 11

The sex of the fetus can be determined
Blood forming in morrow
Kidneys able to secrete urine
Should be able to hear heartbeat with doppler

Question 12

what happens at 16 weeks of fetal development?

Answer 12

Face looks human
Meconium present in bowel
Heart muscle well-developed
Sensory organs differentiated
Quickening – fetal movement

Question 13

what happens during 20 weeks of fetal development?

Answer 13

Primitive respiratory movements begin
Heartbeat can be heard with fetoscope
Quickening (fetal movement) occurs
Brain grossly formed
Vernix caseosa (protective, cheese-like coating on skin) and lanugo (fine, downy hair)
Brown fat – heat-producing
Age of viability

Question 14

what happens during 24 weeks of fetal development?

Question 15

what happens at 28 weeks of fetal development?

Question 16

what happens at 32 weeks of fetal development?

Question 17

38+ weeks of fetal development:

Answer 17

Skin pink, body rounded, lanugo on shoulders an upper body only, vernix caseosa scant
Fetus receives antibodies from mother

Question 18

what is the main purpose of the placenta?

Answer 18

exchanges nutrients and waste products

produces hormones that maintains pregnancy and helps with fetal organ maturity

provides fetus with passive immunity

protects fetus from immune attacks by mom

removes waste products

Question 19

what does the umbilical cord consists of?

Answer 19

1 large vein and 2 small arteries

Question 20

how long is the average umbilical cord?

Answer 20

22 inches long and 1 inch wide

Question 21

the arteries carry ____ _____and _____ _____ from the fetus.

Answer 21

deoxygenated blood; waste products

Question 22

the veins carry ________ ______ and provides _______ and nutrients to the fetus

Answer 22

oxygenated blood; oxygen

Question 23

what are the roles of amniotic fluid?

Answer 23

temperature regulation
growth and development
helps with kidney function
contains fetal urine
provides cushion
allows umbilical card to be free of compression
promotes fetal movement to enhance musculoskeletal development

Question 24

what are the three shunts for fetal circulation?

Answer 24

ductus venosus

ductus arteriosus

foramen ovale

Question 25

what is the role of the ductus venous?

Answer 25

connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver

Question 26

what is the role of the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 26

connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs

Question 27

what is the role of the foramen ovale?

Answer 27

anatomical opening between the right and left atrium, also bypassing the lungs

Question 28

what protects the umbilical cord from obstruction of pressure?

Answer 28

wharton's jelly

Question 29

teratogenic agents consists of what?

Answer 29

substance abuse alcohol chemicals radiation infections

Question 30

why is is dangerous to be exposed to teratogens during pregnancy?

Answer 30

the body organs and structures are being developed within the first 6-8 weeks

Question 31

how many weeks does the fetal heart begin to beat?

Answer 31

4 weeks

Question 32

when does the first indication of musculoskeletal ossification take place?

Answer 32

8 weeks

Question 33

how many weeks should you be able to hear the fetus's heart rate?

Answer 33

12 weeks

Question 34

which statement is best regarding feeling fetal movement in a client who is 10 weeks pregnant?

Answer 34

"fetal movement begins around 16-20 weeks so you may not feel it yet"

Question 35

what is the purpose of vernix caseosa?

Answer 35

it protects the fetal skin from amniotic fluid

Question 36

what is the purpose of surfactant?

Answer 36

keeps the alveoli opened

Question 37

smooth skin is normal in a 32 week newborn. true or false

Answer 37

true