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Exam 2- Psych 205 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.

A

Optic Chiasm

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2
Q

Brittanie has had damage to the dorsal stream of her visual system. She now has trouble with _____.

A

describing what is seen

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3
Q

Cortical neurons in the visual cortex of a kitten or a cat will lose the ability to respond to stimuli in one eye if the eye is sutured shut for ____.

A

the first month of life

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4
Q

Corrie is studying for a quiz on the rods and cones. She writes in her notes that _____ are more ______

A

rods; sensitive to dim light

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5
Q

Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?

A

Opponent-process theory

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6
Q

Parker consciously experiences “seeing” something when the information reaches _____.

A

V1

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7
Q

Melba is one of the unique individuals that has 4 kinds of cones. What is not true about Melba?

A

She has two forms of the short-wavelength cone

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8
Q

The primary visual cortex sends its information ____.

A

to area V2

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9
Q

Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the ____.

A

primary visual cortex

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10
Q

Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called ____

A

photopigments

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11
Q

____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

A

Opsins; photopigments

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12
Q

Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the ____.

A

pupil

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13
Q

According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.

A

which neurons are active

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14
Q

Daryl is studying for a quiz on the visual system. He records in his notes that axons from the _____ project to the ____ of the cerebral cortex

A

LGN; occipital lobe

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15
Q

Professor Hancock is giving a lecture about peripheral vision. Which is the most likely to say?

A

It is easier to recognize single objects in the periphery that are not surrounded by other objects.

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16
Q

The opponent-process theory explains why Dania’s dress still looks blue even after she dims the lights.

A

False

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17
Q

Which cell responds most strongly to a stimulus moving perpendicular to its axis?

A

Complex

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18
Q

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.

A

integrating vision with action

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19
Q

In addition to having difficulty recognizing faces, people with prosopagnosia may have difficulty____.

A

recognizing different kinds of plants and animals

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20
Q

The ventral stream of visual processing is important for identifying movement.

A

False

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21
Q

The one additional feature that hypercomplex cells have that complex cells do not is that hypercomplex cells ____.

A

have strong inhibitory area at one end of its receptive field

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22
Q

The fact that all colors on older televisions were created by combining only three different colors of light supports the ____ theory of color vision.

A

tri-chromatic

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23
Q

Lynn was developing film in a room with red light. When she came out of the room, everything looked a little green for a while. Which theory explains why this is happening to her?

A

Opponent-process theory

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24
Q

The retinas of predatory birds such as hawks ____.

A

have a greater density of receptors than do humans on the top half of the retina

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25
Q

In order to be able to see things in her periphery, Pauline’s _____ need to be activated

A

rods

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26
Q

Which structure has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces?

A

Inferior temporal cortex

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27
Q

Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?

A

Retinex Theory

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28
Q

Night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have ____.

A

a greater rod to cone ratio

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29
Q

Professor Utz is giving a talk about how the eye processes light. He tells the class that once the bipolar cells receive input from ______, they send the message on to ______.

A

photoreceptors; ganglion cells

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30
Q

A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.

A

recognize visual objects

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31
Q

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, what is the basis for color vision?

A

Three kinds of cones

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32
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the ____.

A

thalamus

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33
Q

The point in space from which light strikes the receptor is called the ____.

A

receptive field

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34
Q

When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.

A

speed and direction of movement

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35
Q

According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors

A

False

36
Q

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?

A

receptor cells; bipolar cells; ganglion cells

37
Q

An object’s location, color, and movement are all processed in the same part of the visual cortex.

A

False

38
Q

Tori has suffered damage to her magnocellular pathway. Now, she has problems with _____.

A

seeing things in motion

39
Q

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?

A

Complex

40
Q

Parvocellular cells respond strongly to moving stimuli and large overall patterns

A

False

41
Q

V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing ____.

A

repeating stripes on a flag

42
Q

If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus the light on which part of your retina?

A

the fovea

43
Q

What is the shape of the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds?

A

Bar in a particular orientation

44
Q

The Decarlos just had a new baby. Their baby is more likely to pay attention to ____ than anything else at this time

A

Faces

45
Q

In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?

A

Horizontal cells

46
Q

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.

A

integrating vision with action

47
Q

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____.

A

left eye

48
Q

The ____ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.

A

receptive field

49
Q

Astigmatism refers to the ____.

A

asymmetric curvature of eyes

50
Q

Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision

A

retinex

51
Q

Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape’s ____.

A

mirror-reversal

52
Q

To see something with her best vision, Lore turned to look directly at it. This was so she could use her foveal vision.

A

True

53
Q

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.

A

relative activity if short, medium, and ling wavelengths

54
Q

An object’s location, color, and movement are all processed in the same part of the visual cortex.

A

False

55
Q

The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.

A

dorsal stream

56
Q

Cells in the magnocellular path are color insensitive, therefore _____ is also color insensitive.

A

MT

57
Q

Which of the following would be easiest for someone who is motion blind?

A

Dressing themselves

58
Q

Laurence is able to drive his car within a lane since he can clearly see the lines and edge of the road. His nervous system enhances his ability to see edges by ______.

A

an illusion created in the retina called lateral inhibition

59
Q

Noella is a makeup artist and is very good at using makeup to create fine details to create a visual effect (ex. making a person look older). As she works, her ______ cells help her to see the details.

A

parvocellular

60
Q

According to the retinex theory, we perceive color by ____.

A

contrasting the activity in one area of the visual fiels with that of the others

61
Q

Wanetta has had damage to the ventral stream of her visual system. She now has trouble with _____.

A

the ability to describe the shape or size of an object

62
Q

Cecelia doesn’t fall going down stairs because she can clearly see the edge of each step as a result of lateral inhibition.

A

True

63
Q

What is strabismus?

A

A failure of the two eyes to focus on the same thing at the same time

64
Q

Various types of ____ cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.

A

amacrine cells

65
Q

Johannes Müller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve.

A

True

66
Q

JC is looking at something located to his right (meaning it is within his right visual field). Where would that light hit his retina?

A

On the left half

67
Q

The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object’s shape on the surface of the cortex.

A

False

68
Q

Once within the cerebral cortex, a mixed pathway of magnocellular and parvocellular cells is important for ____.

A

brightness and color

69
Q

In vertebrate retinas, receptors send their messages ____.

A

to bipolar cells within the retina

70
Q

When Ileen sees something that looks like a face, she has had activation of her _____.

A

fusiform gyrus

71
Q

Photopigments are stable in the dark.

A

True

72
Q

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.

A

movement

73
Q

In the back of each of Teresita’s eyes, the axons of her ganglion cells all leave in one large bundle called the ______. As a result, this causes her to experience a _____.

A

optic nerve; blind spot

74
Q

Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it ____.

A

may return to the primary visual cortex

75
Q

The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____.

A

striate cortex

76
Q

The optic nerve sends most of its information to the _____ of the _____.

A

later geniculate nucleus; thalamus

77
Q

Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.

A

recognizing faces

78
Q

____ respond to a particular feature of a stimulus.

A

Feature detectors

79
Q

____ cells axons make up the optic nerve.

A

Ganglion

80
Q

Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?

A

lateral geniculate and superior colliculus

81
Q

In foveal vision, ____.

A

each ganglion cell is excited by a single cone

82
Q

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?

A

More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell

83
Q

Suppose someone has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of horizontal cells in the retina. Which visual phenomenon is most likely to be impaired?

A

Lateral inhibition

84
Q

Although he has been blind since birth, Alden can experience _____, which is ______.

A

blindsight; the ability to respond in limited ways to visual information without perceiving it consciously

85
Q

Simple cells are found exclusively in the primary visual cortex.

A

True

86
Q

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?

A

lateral inhibition

87
Q

According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.

A

which neurons are active

Exam 2- Psych 205 (3 decks)

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