Chapter 5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is data?
a body or series of facts or information.
2 types of data?
Numerical (continuous/ discrete)
Categorical (nominal/ ordinal)
What is a population?
all individuals in a group that is being studied.
What is a sample?
a group of items or people selected from the population
What is a cross-sectional study?
a study that considers individuals from different groups at the same time
What is a longitudinal study?
study that considers individuals over a long period of time
What is a longitudinal study?
study that considers individuals over a long period of time
What is time series data?
data that has accumulated over a long period of time
What are the 7 types of samples?
simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, multistage, convenience, voluntary
What is clustered?
divide the population into groups and sample each member of the group
What are the two types of experiments?
observational and experiemental
What are observational studies?
The situation is already occurring. Ex. people who exercise vs people who don’t.
What are experimental studies and the two subcategories?
researcher controls what is going on
treatment group and controlled group
What is microdata?
individual responses in a survey, see all information
What is aggregate data?
Data that are combined or summarized so that we don’t see all the information
What are the 4 types of biases?
response, sampling, measurement, non-response
What is response bias?
when they are not truthful on the survey
What is sampling bias?
when sampling doesn’t represent the population ex. asking kindergarteners about the best university.
What is measurement bias?
Specific words or not enough choices lead to a biased answer. ex “Are you good at math, yes or no”
What is non-reponse bias?
asking a large group and only a few respond and using those few to represent the whole population
