Chapter 5

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Organs and systems

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

How those organs and systems work

Question 3

Anatomic position

Answer 3

Standing with palms up

Question 4

Supine

Answer 4

Lying on one’s back

Question 5

Prone

Answer 5

lying on one’s belly

Question 6

What is in the ventral cavity?

Answer 6

The thoracic cavity, the diaphragm, the abdominal cavity, the abdominal pelvic cavity, and the pelvic cavity

Question 7

What is in the dorsal cavity?

Answer 7

Cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

Steady state or equilibrium

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

The breakdown of complex substances for energy

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

Conversion of simple substances to more complex substances

Question 11

Cells

Answer 11

Smallest unit of organization in the body

Question 12

Tissues

Answer 12

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a special function

Question 13

Organs

Answer 13

Group of similar tissue that come together to form a single structure

Question 14

Systems

Answer 14

Groups of organs working together

Question 15

Skeletal system function

Answer 15

To maintain body shape and support

Question 16

Skeletal system structures

Answer 16

Bones which include flat (ribs), irregular (vertebrae), long (femur), and short (carpals)
Joints
Supporting connective tissue which includes ligaments and cartilage

Question 17

Muscular system function

Answer 17

To move, maintain posture and produce heat

Question 18

Muscular system structures

Answer 18

Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle

Question 19

Intergumentary system functions

Answer 19

Protects body, regulates body temperature, eliminates some waste, receives environmental stimuli, and manufactures vitamin D from sunlight

Question 20

Integumentary system structures

Answer 20

Skin, hair, nails
Exocrine glands
Blood vessels, common nerves, and sensory organs within skin

Question 21

What are the layers of skin and where do blood vessels lie?

Answer 21

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Blood vessels lie within the dermis and subcutaneous layers

Question 22

Nervous system functions

Answer 22

Controls and coordinates activities of various body systems by electrical, impulses and chemical substances sent and received

Question 23

Somatic nerves

Answer 23

Voluntary; allows one to control skeletal muscles

Question 24

Autonomic nerves

Answer 24

Involuntary; controls cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 25

Nervous system structures

Answer 25

The central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, is surrounded and cushioned by a cavity and it is also protected by three layers of connective tissue. The peripheral nervous system which has motor or efferent nerves and sensory or afferent nerves

Question 26

Endocrine system functions

Answer 26

Secretes hormones into bloodstream

Question 27

Endocrine structures

Answer 27

The endocrine glands which consists of: the hypothalamus and pituitary (brain) Pineal (brain) Thyroid (throat) Parathyroids (on thyroid) Thymus (chest, behind sternum) Adrenals (on top of each kidney) Islets of langerhans (pancreas) Testes (scrotum) Ovaries (pelvic cavity)

Question 28

Digestive system functions

Answer 28

Takes in food Breaks down food Eliminates waste products

Question 29

Digestive system structures

Answer 29

Gastrointestinal tract Accessory organs

Question 30

Reproductive system function

Answer 30

Produces gammies needed to form a new human being. Spermatozoa Ova

Question 31

Reproductive system structures

Answer 31

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva Male: testes, Seminole vesicles, prostate, epididymis, Vas deferens, Seminole ducts, urethra, penis, spermatic cords, scrotum

Question 32

Urinary system functions

Answer 32

Filters waste Creates urine Eliminates waste Helps regulate body fluids

Question 33

Urinary structures and their functions

Answer 33

Kidneys- remove waste products; produces urine Ureters- moves urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urinary bladder- stores urine until ready to void Urethra- provides exit for urine

Question 34

Respiratory system functions

Answer 34

Respiration Gas exchange and transport acid base balance

Question 35

External versus internal respiration

Answer 35

External respiration is oxygen entering the bloodstream via the lungs; carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream via the lungs. Internal respiration is oxygen leaves the bloodstream and enters cells and tissues; carbon dioxide leaves the cells/ tissues and enter the bloodstream

Question 36

Respiratory system structures

Answer 36

The respiratory tract

Question 37

The pancreas is endo and exocrine functions

Answer 37

Endocrine: production of insulin Exocrine: lipase and amylase production