Chapter 5

Question 1

Properties of gas

Answer 1

-no shape or volume
-fits any container uniformly
-exerts pressure on surroundings
-change V with Temp and pressure
-miscible-mixes together in any proportion
-less sense than solids or liquids

Question 2

Pressure formula

Answer 2

P=Force
———-
Area

Question 3

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 3

Force exerted by gases surrounding earth on earths surface

Question 4

Units of pressure

Answer 4

SI units= Newton/meter^2=1 pascal(Pa)
1atm=101 325 Pa
1atm=760mmHg=760torr

Question 5

Barometer

Answer 5

Measures atmospheric pressure

Height of Hg column
(Gravity pulls Hg down/ atmospheric pressure pushes it up)

Question 6

Boyles law

Answer 6

PV=constant

P=constant(1/V)

Question 7

Charles law

Answer 7

V/T=constant

V1/T1=V2/T2

Question 8

Avragadros law

Answer 8

Volume is directly proportional to number of moles of gas

V/n=constant

V1/n1=V2/n2

Question 9

Amontons law

Answer 9

P/T= constant

P1/T1=P2/T2

Question 10

Ideal gas law

Answer 10

PV=nRT

P-pressure (atm)
V-Volume (L)
n-moles
R-universal gas constant (0.08206 L•atm/K•mol

Allows calculation of gas properties when more than 1 variable is changing

Question 11

Combined gas law

Answer 11

Combines Boyles/Charles/Avagadros/

PV/nT=constant(R)

If n is constant then

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

Question 12

STP

Answer 12

Standard temp and pressure

P= 1 atm

T=273K (0.0°C)

Question 13

Molar volume

Answer 13

V=22.4L

Question 14

Density in gases

Answer 14

D=m/V= (pressure)(molar mass)/(ideal gas constant)(Temp)

Question 15

Ideal gas constant

Answer 15

0.0821 L•atm/mol•K

Question 16

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Answer 16

Pressure depends on the total moles not the identity of the gas

Question 17

∝

Answer 17

Means proportional to

1 side is constant of the other

Question 18

Mole fraction

Answer 18

Ratio of number of moles of a component in a mixture to the total number of moles in a mixture

Xx=nx/ntotal=nx/n1+n2+n3…

Question 19

Mole fraction in terms of pressure

Answer 19

N1=P1V/RT

Question 20

Partial pressure

Answer 20

Bc of mole fraction we know Xx=Px/Ptotal

So

Px=Xx•(Ptotal)

Question 21

Partial pressure of water

Answer 21

Ptotal=PO2+PH2O

Question 22

Kinetic molecular theory

Assumes that gas molecules:

Answer 22

1-have tiny volumes compared to collective volume they occupy

2-contant random movement

3-average kinetic NRG proportional to absolute Temperature

4-engage in elastic collisions with walls of container and other gas molecules

5-act independently of other gas molecules

Question 23

Average kinetic energy

Answer 23

KEavg = 1/2m(U(rms))^2

U(rms)=root-mean-squared speed of the molecules=

Square root of (3RT/molar mass)