Chapter 5

Question 1

a process in which all the trees in a large area are cut down

Answer 1

deforestation

Question 2

a fuel such as coal or oil that is obtained from under the ground

Answer 2

fossil fuel

Question 3

a place where garbage is buried

Answer 3

landfill sites

Question 4

money problem

Answer 4

financial hardship

Question 5

a person’s health and happiness

Answer 5

welfare of people

Question 6

(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack

Answer 6

shelter

Question 7

sleeping outside bcs you have no home

Answer 7

sleeping rough on the street

Question 8

something that makes your life difficult

Answer 8

hardship

Question 9

the same chances for everyone

Answer 9

equal opportunities

Question 10

functional language to summarize

Answer 10

Basically, In a nutshell, So to summarize, In brief,

Question 11

functional language to check understanding of what speaker said

Answer 11

So what you’re saying is that, So what you mean is that, To put it another way, In other words

Question 12

a different type of moose

Answer 12

elk

Question 13

a person whose job is to take care of and protect a national park

Answer 13

park ranger

Question 14

to encourage or persuade someone to do something in a way that is gentle rather than forceful or direct (coax)

Answer 14

nudging

Question 15

pet

Answer 15

domesticated animal

Question 16

elements or influences created or caused by human activities, as opposed to those occurring naturally

Answer 16

man-made factors

Question 17

a person who is interested in or studies the environment and who tries to protect it from being damaged by human activities

Answer 17

environmentalist

Question 18

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

Answer 18

predator

Question 19

completely or immediately

Answer 19

outright

Question 20

in a way that is done without knowing or planning

Answer 20

unwittingly

Question 21

the way animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it

Answer 21

animal’s instinct

Question 22

either of the two long, pointed teeth of some animals such as elephants

Answer 22

tusks

Question 23

travel that minimizes negative impacts and maximizes benefits for local communities, cultures, and environments

Answer 23

responsible tourism

Question 24

someone who works to protect the environment from the damaging effects of human activity

Answer 24

conservationist

Question 25

violence or trouble

Answer 25

disturbance

Question 26

predator verb form

Answer 26

prey on

Question 27

change your opinion or the decision or the way you feel about something

Answer 27

have a change of heart

Question 28

made my decision

Answer 28

reach my decision

Question 29

reconsider or begin to doubt a previous decision or opinion

Answer 29

have a second thought

Question 30

a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do

Answer 30

dilemma

Question 31

to decide quickly and spontaneously, without careful thought or consideration of the consequences

Answer 31

make decision on impulse

Question 32

to consider or evaluate every potential result or consequence of a decision or action

Answer 32

access all possible outcomes

Question 33

to delay making a decision about something important until the next day so that you have time to consider it carefully

Answer 33

sleep on something

Question 34

to decide that something is not a good idea

Answer 34

think better of a decision (something)

Question 35

finding it very difficult to choose between two possibilities

Answer 35

torn between something and something

Question 36

not good at making decisions

Answer 36

indecisive

Question 37

visible signs of stress, tension, or fatigue that can be observed in someone's facial expressions

Answer 37

the strain on someone's face

Question 38

to continue to have your beliefs or continue with a plan of action, even if other people disagree with you

Answer 38

stick to your guns

Question 39

to start a journey or leave a place

Answer 39

head off

Question 40

to experience a sense of relief or freedom from worry, stress, or a burden that has been troubling you

Answer 40

feel a weight lifted off your shoulders

Question 41

to keep something or someone that is important or useful

Answer 41

hold onto something/someone

Question 42

to agree with and support an idea, plan, or project, and to become actively involved in it

Answer 42

get on board

Question 43

What is the phrases when we express our disagreement?

Answer 43

Let's be honest If you put it that way, I've to say .... That's not the way I see it at all. The big downside of ....... is that You have to admit that

Question 44

What is the phrase when you want to explain or agreement?

Answer 44

If you think about it, .....

Question 45

trapped in a monotonous or unchanging pattern of life, work, or behavior

Answer 45

stuck in a rut

Question 46

going beyond the ordinary or everyday to something extraordinary or imaginative

Answer 46

beyond mundane

Question 47

I am someone who used to look down on or have a dismissive attitude towards people who engage in physical exercise

Answer 47

I'd always been a scornful of people who do exercise

Question 48

a particular attitude, behavior, or experience is having an influence beyond its original context

Answer 48

It filters into other areas of my life.

Question 49

a series of events or changes that lead to continuous improvement and positive outcomes

Answer 49

a positive spiral

Question 50

one bad event leads to another, creating a cycle of negative outcomes.

Answer 50

a negative spiral

Question 51

break free from a period of monotonous routine that feels unproductive or uninspiring

Answer 51

get out of the rut

Question 52

having the ability to make decisions and take actions that shape your own life, leading to a sense of autonomy and empowerment

Answer 52

feel in control of my life

Question 53

to think and prepare for future events in advance.

Answer 53

plan ahead I don't really plan ahead too much.

Question 54

an alternative plan to use if the original one fails

Answer 54

a back-up plan

Question 55

feeling relaxed, safe, and at ease

Answer 55

a sense of comfort

Question 56

to do something that feels unfamiliar or challenging.

Answer 56

Go outside your comfort zone

Question 57

someone who always does the same things in the same way

Answer 57

a creature of habit