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Disaster Nursing > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main goal of emergency management?

A

To save lives, prevent injuries, and protect property and the environment if an emergency occurs.

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2
Q

What does emergency management involve?

A

Organized analysis, planning, decision making, and assignment of available resources to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from emergencies.

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3
Q

What is healthcare emergency management?

A

The science of managing complex systems and multidisciplinary personnel to address emergencies and disasters in health care systems.

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4
Q

What are the phases of healthcare emergency management?

A
  • Mitigation
  • Preparedness
  • Response
  • Recovery
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5
Q

What should a comprehensive emergency management framework include?

A
  • Emergency medical consequence planning
  • Detailed written emergency response plan
  • Communications plan
  • Logistics plan
  • Transport plan
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6
Q

What are the types of advanced planning activities described by Cuny?

A
  • Strategic planning
  • Contingency planning
  • Forward planning
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7
Q

What is forward planning critical for?

A

For major events involving potentially large numbers of people.

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8
Q

What is essential to gather during the forward planning phase?

A
  • Event date
  • Event location
  • Expected audience
  • Weather conditions
  • Types of facilities available
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9
Q

What are the key elements of risk assessment?

A

Identifying hazards, options for mitigation, and best practices for protecting public health.

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10
Q

What is one of the primary challenges for healthcare providers at mass gatherings?

A

The lack of regulations, standards, or formal guidelines to direct local healthcare clinicians.

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11
Q

True or False: The World Health Organization has published guidelines for mass gatherings.

A

True

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Emergency management allows responders from a variety of disciplines to ______.

A

communicate, coordinate, collaborate, and cooperate

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13
Q

What should the healthcare service commander do before a mass gathering event?

A

Meet with individuals and agencies in charge of the event well in advance.

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14
Q

What is the importance of planning for healthcare management during mass gatherings?

A

To address health conditions that are potentially life-threatening and require urgent care.

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15
Q

What should be included in summary information gathering for an event?

A
  • Type of event
  • Location
  • Purpose of event
  • Sponsorship
  • Expected attendees
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16
Q

What type of planning focuses on preparing for any type of threat or event?

A

Strategic planning

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17
Q

What is contingency planning related to?

A

A site-specific threat that may occur at any time.

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18
Q

What is forward planning related to?

A

A known imminent event, such as an impending snowstorm or concert.

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19
Q

What should be documented in the risk assessment process?

A

The risk assessment process should be documented and available for later review.

This includes identifying hazards that create risks to human health, options to mitigate these risks, and how to best protect public health.

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20
Q

Who is responsible for organizing and coordinating health services at an event?

A

The healthcare service commander is responsible for organizing and coordinating health services on-site.

This includes working with nurses and other healthcare team members.

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21
Q

What should be determined well in advance of an event?

A

What healthcare providers will be in attendance and who will be in charge.

This may include physician response teams or teams comprised of nurses, paramedics, and first aid providers.

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22
Q

What are the possible roles of nurses in mass gatherings?

A

Roles may include providing nursing care services, leading healthcare services, or coordinating all healthcare services for the event.

The role depends on the structure of the on-site care team.

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23
Q

What must be considered in planning for medical care at events?

A

The requirements and expectations of the sponsoring organization or event owner for levels of medical care.

These may include specifics like aerial evacuation and treatment for severe heat exhaustion.

24
Q

Which services must be involved in major events planning?

A

Police, fire departments, and ambulance services must be involved.

They ensure a safe environment for participants, spectators, and healthcare providers.

25
What is the intent of determining the location and availability of BLS and ALS services?
To provide a timely response throughout the venue maintaining the 'chain of survival'. ## Footnote This is crucial in managing emergencies effectively.
26
What should be established regarding volunteers in healthcare at events?
The role and responsibilities of volunteers, supervision, and accountability. ## Footnote This includes determining who is responsible for their actions.
27
What is essential for the response and management of MCIs?
Preplanning and interdisciplinary education and training are essential. ## Footnote This enhances coordination of response efforts and reduces fear among responders.
28
What should healthcare professionals be prepared for before and after an event?
Providing care for event staff and attendees as they arrive. ## Footnote This may include care outside of the official venue.
29
What is one of the primary challenges for healthcare providers at mass gatherings?
The lack of regulations, standards, or formal guidelines to direct local healthcare clinicians. ## Footnote This makes it difficult to supply adequate coverage for events.
30
What are the overall goals of medical care at mass gatherings?
To evaluate and stabilize injury and illness and preserve the capacity of local public health. ## Footnote Goals also include responding optimally to extraordinary events.
31
What types of patient encounters are most common at mass gatherings?
Minor complaints such as headache, fatigue, minor abrasions, lacerations, and sunburn. ## Footnote These generally do not require extensive medical care.
32
What is a key decision in the planning process for healthcare services at events?
Determining the purpose of the on-site health service. ## Footnote This includes whether to focus on urgent life-threatening conditions or treat minor conditions on-site.
33
What does large-scale catastrophic events require in terms of care?
A shift from individual-based care to population-based care. ## Footnote This requires coordinated decision-making at all points of contact.
34
What does the framework for emergency healthcare services address?
Psychosocial, biomedical, and environmental domains. ## Footnote Each domain influences the rate of injury and illness.
35
What factors are considered in the psychosocial domain?
Individual behaviors, collective social dynamics, and culture. ## Footnote These factors influence health outcomes during mass gatherings.
36
What factors are included in the biomedical domain?
Spectator age, pre-event health status, physical activity levels, and substance use. ## Footnote These factors can affect the health of attendees.
37
What is the role of healthcare professionals before and after an event?
To provide care for event staff and attendees as they arrive ## Footnote This includes planning for healthcare services at the event.
38
What are the key considerations for on-site health services during a Mass Casualty Incident (MCI)?
Coordination with external health services, communication protocols, and incident command systems (ICS) ## Footnote On-site health services play a crucial role in managing MCIs.
39
What is a key benefit of on-site emergency healthcare services?
Rapid access to the patient, early and effective triage, early stabilization, and preplanned transport to definitive care.
40
What types of patient presentations must nurses be prepared to handle on-site?
Routine minor injuries, sudden cardiac arrest, psychiatric emergencies, and precipitous births.
41
What is the purpose of examining healthcare usage data from previous events?
To provide valuable information for preplanning services and predicting patient presentation rates (PPRs).
42
Which events have historically been analyzed for healthcare usage data?
* Olympics * Marathons * Large stadium events * Political conventions * Air shows * Papal masses * Outdoor music festivals.
43
What challenges exist in collecting and reporting data from international mass gatherings?
Considerable variation exists, making it difficult to determine consensus on key concepts and data definitions.
44
What is a key decision in the planning process for event healthcare services?
Determining the service that will be provided on-site and its purpose.
45
What factors influence the nature of patient encounters at events?
Type of crowd, type of event, and environmental factors present.
46
What are the domains that influence the rate of injury and illness at events?
* Psychosocial * Biomedical * Environmental.
47
What psychosocial factors are considered in event healthcare planning?
Individual behaviors, collective social dynamics, and culture.
48
What biomedical factors affect patient presentation rates?
* Aggregate spectator age * Pre-event health status * Physical activity levels * Physiology of response to temperature extremes * Substance use.
49
What environmental factors influence healthcare needs at events?
* Venue type (bounded vs. unbounded) * Event duration * Weather conditions * Crowd density.
50
True or False: The type of crowd attending a rock concert is likely to be similar to those attending a political rally.
False.
51
What are common medical issues at sporting events like marathons?
* Heat exhaustion * Muscle injuries * Trauma * Cardiac arrest.
52
What weather-related factors can influence patient presentation rates (PPR)?
Terrain, accessibility, and rapid changes in weather patterns.
53
What are the most commonly identified environmental health issues for mass gatherings?
Heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke, blisters, and sunburn.
54
What is the heat index?
A combined measure of temperature and humidity used to model potential demand for medical services.
55
Which demographic groups are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses?
* Infants and children * Older adults (>65 years) * Outdoor workers * Athletes.
56
Heat rash is commonly referred to as “prickly heat,” a maculo-papular rash accompanied by acute inflammation and blocked sweat ducts
Heat Rash
57

Disaster Nursing (1 decks)

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