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EK physics > Chapter 5 (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 (2) Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Light

A

transfer of energy through alternating electric and magnetic fields

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2
Q

Photons

A

light emitted by electrons as they move from high to low energy states

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3
Q

Energy of photon

A

E= hf

h= planks

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4
Q

How can electron be excited

A
  1. by many high speed particles
  2. absorbing a photon of light
  3. thermal agitation
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5
Q

visible light range

A

390 x 10^-9 to 700 x 10^-9

shorter wavelengths correspond to violet light, longer wavelengths correspond to red light

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6
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

long, radio, micro, infrared, UV, X ray, Gamma

Long has high wavelength low frequency

Gamma has low wavelength and high frequency

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7
Q

Speed of light

A

C= E/B= 3.00 x 10^8 m/s

ratio of electric field to magnetic field

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8
Q

What causes light absorption

A

depends on medium and frequency of the wave as they move

absorbed when frequency matches resonant frequency of the medium

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9
Q

polarized light

A

electric and magnetic fields are oriented in a certain way

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10
Q

refraction

A

light bending as it passes into a new medium

usually a lens

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11
Q

dispersion

A

splitting of light according to a frequency

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12
Q

diffraction

A

spreading of light as it encounters an edge (interference when passing through a slit)

depends on size of object or opening relative or wavelength

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13
Q

Angle of incidence

A

how light strikes a boundary/ interface

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14
Q

What happens when light reflects off a flat surface

A

angle of incidence (strike) equals angle of reflection

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15
Q

What affects refraction

A

depends on how speed of light changes when it enters a new medium

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16
Q

index of refraction

A

n= c/v

light is slower in a medium

c= speed of light in a vacuum, v= speed of light in a medium

always greater than 1

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17
Q

What does a larger index of refraction mean

A

light moves more slowly through a medium

wavelength becomes shorter

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18
Q

Snells law

A

n1sin theta1= n2sin theta2

predicts how change in speed will bend a light ray

theta 1 is incidence, theta 2 is refraction

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19
Q

What happens when light moves from higher index to lower index of refraction

A

light begins to move faster and spreads out

light bends away from normal (perpendicular to surface)

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20
Q

Total internal reflection

A

caused when light comes from a higher index and the angle is very large

none refract, all reflect (critical angle is reached)

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21
Q

critical angle formula

A

thata= sin-1 (n2/n1)

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22
Q

thin film interference

A

thin layer with a different index placed between two layers

-refracts: changes wavelength
-Reflects off denser: changes phase
- reflects off less dense: changes neither

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23
Q

what causes thin film interference

A

phase change due to reflections off more dense

path length differences

wavelength changes associates with changes in media

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24
Q

When is diffraction significant

A

size of an object or opening
is small relative to the wavelength

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25
How does deffracted light appear
constructive interference is bright, destructive is dark
26
X ray diffraction
uses atoms of crystals to act as a natural diffraction grating X rays scatter and create regular interference patterns
27
thin lens
maximal thickness is small relative to the radius of curvature, object distance and image distance
28
focal point
parallel light rays converge or appear to converge after reflecting off a mirror or passing through a lens
29
real focus point
point at which light rays actually converge
30
virtual focal point
point at which light appears to converge
31
center of curvature
each point along mirrors surface is equidistant from center of curvature
32
radius of curvature
distance between surface of mirror and center of curvature smaller=sharper curve
33
where is the focal point on a convex and concave mirror
concave focal point is front of mirror, convex focal point is behind the mirror
34
focal length
distance between a mirror and its focal point F=R/2 r= radius of curvature
35
Lens strength
power, determined by focal length p=1/f Use F in meters
36
Signs for focal length
positive= light travels to the focal point, convergers negative= light does not actually travel there, divergers
37
converging mirrors
reflect light to converge in front of mirror concave
38
converging lens
refracts light rats to converge at a point opposite the light source convex
39
behavior of diverging
spread out so that light rays never intersect
40
diverging mirror
reflects light rays so that observer perceives them as converging on the opposite side of the mirror convex
41
diverging lens
refracts light so that they appear to converge at a point on the same side of the lens as the light source concave
42
Real image
from convergence of light rays inverted, on same side as observer, positive
43
virtual image
cannot be captured on a screen produced by the apparent convergence of light rays opposite, negative, upright, from diverging or converging
44
When is a converger virtual vs. real
when object is located beyond the focal point, convergers make a real image (COMMON) when object is placed within focal point, image is virtual (object is between focal point and mirror/lens)
45
thins lens equation
relates image distance (di) from the mirror/lens and the object distance (d0) to the focal length uses cm 1/f= 1/do + 1/di or use p as do and q as di
46
signs for focal distance
converging is positive, diverging is negative
47
signs for object distance
positive if in right location same side of observer for mirrors, opposite for lens
48
signs for image distance
positive if real, negative if virtual
49
p=f
no image is formed
50
magnification
m= -(di/do)= (hi/ho)
51
How do divergers magnify
always produce images that are smaller than object
52
lens abberation
blurred images from theoretical images
53
multiple lens magnification
m= m1*m2
54
multiple lens power
Peff= P1 + P2...
55
how does light work in eye
refracts incoming light so that it focuses on the area at the back of eye (retina)
56
What parts of the eye bend light
cornea (bends the most) and the lens bend light to converge at retina
57
how does the eye focus light on near objects
muscle surrounding the lens contracts causing the lens to bulge and reducing the focal length of the lens
58
myopia (what is it, how does it work improperly)
near sighted, see near objects clearly good at bending light to focus on retina -- bends light of far objects too sharply and converges in front of retina
59
hyperopia
far sighted, cannot bend light properly Far light rays are more parallel (do not need to be bent) nearby rays are not bent- converges rays passed the retina
60
How is myopia corrected
correct with diverging lens (spreads out light rays to focus on retina)
61
how is hyperopia corrected
using a converging lens to make light rays closer to parallel

EK physics (6 decks)

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