Chapter 5 Flashcards
Cell cycle
The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotes
Four main stages: gap1, synthesis, gap 2, and mitosis
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Gap 1
A cell carries out its normal functions of growth and development
Synthesis
The cell makes a copy of its DNA
By the end of S, the cell has two sets of data
Gap 2
Cells Carry out normal functions
Mitosis
The division of the cells nucleus and its contents
Cytokinesis
Division of the cells cytoplasm
G1 Checkpoint
DNA is checked to make sure there are no genetic mistakes
Checkpoint in the beginning of g2
Rechecks DNA that was just replicated to make sure there are no more mistakes
Checkpoint during mitosis
Makes sure all of the chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell
Mitosis
When a cell divides its nucleus and contents
Cytokinesis
The division of the cell into 2 identical daughter cells
Chromosome packaging
When the chromosomes are coiled up tightly around a Histone
Interphase
Provides time for the duplication of organelles and for DNA replication
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes
Metaphase
The spindle fibers align in the equator of the cell
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
Telophase
A complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell
Three reasons cells divide
For growth, replaced or damaged cells, and a source of reproduction for asexual cells
Asexual reproduction
The creation of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes
Sexual reproduction
When two gametes fuse and a genetic mixture of both parents is produced
Budding
A small projection grows in the surface of the parent organism, forming a new individual
Fragmentation
A parent organism splits into two pieces, which grow into a new organism
Vegetative reproduction
The modification of a stem or underground structures of the parent organism. They stay connected through underground runners
