Chapter 5

Question 1

When did hominids begin?

Answer 1

Late Miocene

Question 2

What constitutes a hominin?

Answer 2

bipedalism

Question 3

Earliest Hominins

Answer 3

Sahelanthropus
Orrorin
Ardipithecus

Question 4

Advantages of bipedalism

Answer 4

Range
Predators
Carrying capability
Sun exposure

Question 5

Ardipithecus

Answer 5

First evidence of bipedalism.

Lived in forest.

Question 6

Early Austrobros

Answer 6

Anamensis

Afarensis

Question 7

Laetoli site

Answer 7

Austro afarensis

Footprints in volcanic ash

Question 8

Hadar site

Answer 8

Lucy

Question 9

Later Austrobros

Answer 9

Gracile

Robust

Question 10

Gracile Austrobros

Answer 10

small/light faces
large molars
stone tools

Question 11

Robust Austrobros

Answer 11

rugged jaw
flat face
huge molars
bone tools

Question 12

Early Homo

Answer 12

Evolved from gracile austrobros
Lived alongside robust austrobros
Larger brain

Question 13

Olduvai Gorge

Answer 13

Homo habilis

Louis Leakey

Question 14

Oldowan Tradition

Answer 14

first stone-tool making style

Homo habilis

Question 15

Taphonomy

Answer 15

How objects become part of archaelogical record

Question 16

Homo erectus

Answer 16

Larger brain
Spread out of Africa
Heavy brow, small molars/jawbone
Large body
Fire

Question 17

Nariokotome site

Lake Turkana site

Answer 17

Homo erectus

Question 18

Homo floresiensis

Answer 18

Found on Flores, Indonesia

Dwarf form of Homo erectus

Question 19

Acheulian tradition

Answer 19

stone-tool style, hand axes
Homo erectus
Early Stone age

Question 20

Zhoukoudian Cave (China)

Answer 20

Homo erectus

Acheulean tools

Question 21

Homo heidelbergensis

Answer 21

Archaic Homo sapiens

features found in both erectus and sapiens

Question 22

Atapuerca (Spain)

Answer 22

Homo antecessor

Early Neanderthal

Question 23

Replacement model

Answer 23

Single origin from africa

Question 24

Regional continuity model

Answer 24

Gradual, continuous, multi-regional evolution

Question 25

Neanderthals

Answer 25

``` Europe and West Asia Possible new species Short/robust Huge skulls Large teeth, no chin Protruding face ```

Question 26

Fate of Neanderthals

Answer 26

Minimal interbreeding Adaptation not competitive Borrowed Paleolithic tech from moderns Retreated, decreased, extinct

Question 27

Mousterian tradition

Answer 27

flake tools Lecallois technique Neanderthal

Question 28

Middle Paleolithic

Answer 28

Stone age culture | associated with late archaic Homo sapiens

Question 29

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 29

``` Blades composite tools spears, bows, arrows Tailored clothes Big game hunt, lots of plants elaborate burials Art ```

Question 30

Lascaux, France | Altimira, Spain

Answer 30

Cave paintings

Question 31

Spread of modern humans

Answer 31

Africans -> Eastern Asia and Siberia Northeast Asians -> America Boats to Australia

Question 32

Clovis and Folsom culture

Answer 32

tool-making in Americas