Chapter 5

Question 0

Phonological disorder

Answer 0

Errors of many phonemes that form patterns or clusters

Question 1

Articulation disorder

Answer 1

Problems in producing speech sounds

Question 2

Stops

Answer 2

Speech sounds that are produced by completely stopping the airflow. Also known as stop-plosives. Ex. /p/ /b,t,d,k,g/

Question 3

Fricatives

Answer 3

A category of speech sounds that are produced by severely constructing the oral cavity and then forcing the air through it. Creates a friction or hissing noise. /s,f,v,z,h/

Question 4

Affricates

Answer 4

A group of consonants with the characteristics of stops and fricatives. /ch/ as in chair. /j/ jump

Question 5

Glides

Answer 5

A category of speech sounds that are produced by gradually changing the shape of the articulators. /w/ wine /j/ yes

Question 6

Liquids

Answer 6

Speech sounds that are produced with the least restriction of the oral cavity. Also called semivowels. /r/ /l/

Question 7

Nasals

Answer 7

Speech sounds with nasal resonance added to them, they are produced while keeping the velopharyngeal port open. /n,m,ng/

Question 8

The place of articulation

Answer 8

Where the sounds are produced in the oral cavity

Question 9

Bilabial

Answer 9

Involving both lips, Bilabial sounds are produced primarily by the two lips. /p,b,m,w/

Question 10

Labiodental

Answer 10

Sounds that are produced by the lips and teeth. /f,v/

Question 11

Dental/ linguadentals

Answer 11

Sounds that are produced by the tounge as it makes contact with the upper teeth. /th/ think and them

Question 12

Alveolars/ lingua-alveolar

Answer 12

Sounds that are produced by the back of the tongue which rises to make contact with the velum

Question 13

Palatals/ linguapalatal

Answer 13

Sounds that are produced by the back of the tongue which rises to make contact with the velum (soft palate) /sh/ ship /ge/ rouge /ch/ chalk /r/

Question 14

Linguavelar

Answer 14

Sounds that are produced by raising the tip of the tongue to make a contact with the alveolar ridge which is the place immediately behind the front teeth. /k,g/

Question 15

Glottal

Answer 15

Sounds that are produced by keeping the vocal folds open and letting the air pass through the opening, because this results in friction noise. Glottals are also fricatives.

Question 16

0 months

Answer 16

Recognizes mothers voice

Question 17

4-6 months

Answer 17

Babbling, differentiated cries

Question 18

7-10 months

Answer 18

Re duplicated babbling intent

Question 19

11-14 months

Answer 19

Phonetically consistent first words and forms protowords

Question 20

2 years

Answer 20

/p,h,w,m,b,k,g/

Question 21

3 years

Answer 21

/d,f,j(y),t,n,s/ all vowels

Question 22

4 years

Answer 22

/v,sh,ch,z/

Question 23

5 years

Answer 23

/r,l,th,ng,dj,th(v)/

Question 24

6-8 years

Answer 24

/dz/

Question 25

Articulation errors

Answer 25

Difficulty is at phonetic level. Nothing is wrong with articulators

Question 26

Substitution

Answer 26

An incorrect sound is produced for target sound. /wed/ red /fith/ fish

Question 27

Omission

Answer 27

Sound is left out of a word | /baw/ ball /res/ rest

Question 28

Distortion

Answer 28

``` Sound produced is recognizable but inaccurate Lateral lisp (slushy s or z) ```

Question 29

Addition

Answer 29

Addition of a sound | Balue for blue

Question 30

Phonological process disorder

Answer 30

Involves of sound errors

Question 31

Final consonant deletion

Answer 31

Final consonant is omitted from a word | Boat-bo

Question 32

Velar fronting

Answer 32

Back sound is replaced by a front sound | Car- tar

Question 33

Palatial fronting

Answer 33

Sh or zh are replaced by s or z | Ship - sip

Question 34

Cluster reduction

Answer 34

A cluster element is deleted or replaced | Try- Ty

Question 35

Stopping

Answer 35

A stop consonant replaces a fricatives or affricative | Ship- tip

Question 36

Articulation disorders: Organic Functional

Answer 36

Organic (physical) - cleft palate, cerebral palsy, glossectomy, otitis media, mental retardation Functional- substitution, lisp

Question 37

Traditional Approaches

Answer 37

Perceptual training and production training, established in isolation, transfer to conversational speech and maintain outside clinic

Question 38

Phonological approaches

Answer 38

Emphasizes changing of patterns of errors rather than individual sounds

Question 39

Traditional approaches are

Answer 39

Auditory discrimination Sensory motor approach (McDonald): begin with syllable level Paired stimuli approach- pairs a key word (child can say) with a target word Multiple phoneme approach- teaching more than one sound at a time

Question 40

Phonological approaches are:

Answer 40

Hodsons cycle approach: cyclic approach, designed for unintelligible, Minimal pair- pair of words differ by 1 sound and train how that changes meaning