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Primary Care > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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0
Q

Primary hematologic diseases are _____ but hematologic manifestations secondary to other diseases are _____

A

Uncommon, common

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1
Q

Blood consists of what two things

A

Plasma and formed elements (rbc, wbc, platelet)

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2
Q

Som of the most important indicators of dysfunction in the hematologic system include problems associated with

A

Exertion

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3
Q

The signs and symptoms associated with exertions include

A

Dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, severe weakness, and fatigue

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4
Q

Neurological symptoms associated with hematologic problems

A

Headache, drowsiness, dizziness, syncope or poly neuropathy

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5
Q

Symptoms of the skin and fingernail beds with hematologic problems

A

Pallor of the face, hands, nail beds and leaps, cyanosis, clubbing of the fingernail beds and wounds, easy bruising or bleeding

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6
Q

What are the critical possible life threatening indicators of hematologic disorder

A

Blood in stool or emesis, or severe pain and swelling in joints and muscles

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7
Q

Many hematologic induced signs and symptoms seen in the PT clinic are side effects of

A

Medication

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8
Q

Chronic use of steroids and NSAIDs can lead to

A

Gastritis, peptic ulcer causing gastrointestinal bleeding and iron deficiency anemia

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9
Q

Leukopenia is a common problem after

A

Chemotherapy

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10
Q

Leukopenia can present as signs of

A

Infection

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11
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia can be a result of medications from

A

RA and cancer

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13
Q

Erythrocytes consist of

A

Hemoglobin and support framework

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14
Q

Erythrocytes number is dependent on

A

Gender, elevation, physical activity

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15
Q

What is anemia

A

Too few erythrocytes

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16
Q

What is polycythemia

A

Too many erythrocytes

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17
Q

What is poikilocytosis

A

Abnormally shaped erythrocytes

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18
Q

Anisocytosis is

A

Abnormal variations in size of erythrocytes

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19
Q

What is hypochromia

A

Erythrocytes deficient in hemoglobin

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20
Q

In anemia which blood pressure value may be lower

A

Diastolic

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21
Q

In those with anemia there may be an increase in

A

Resting pulse rate

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22
Q

Resting cardiac output is effected by anemia true or false

A

False

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23
Q

Cardiac output_____ more than it does in people without anemia

A

Increases

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24
If there is severe anemia usually rating cardiac output ____
Increases
25
What is primary polycythemia
Uncommon neoplasticism disease of the bone marrow of unknowns etiology
26
What is secondary polycythemia
Physiologic condition resulting from a decreased oxygen supply to the tissues
27
Symptoms of polycythemia progress insidiously or quickly
Insidiously
28
Most common first signs of polycythemia are
Shortness of breath and fatigue
29
Skin color and BP change in those with polycythemia
Increased skin coloration and increased BP
30
_____ can sometimes be the first symptom of polycythemia
Gout
31
Clinical signs and symptoms of polycythemia - from box
General malaise and fatigue, shortness of breath, intolerable pruritus, headache, dizziness, irritability, blurred vision, fainting, decreased mental acuity, feeling of fullness in head, disturbances of sensation in hands And feet, weight loss, easy bruising, cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers, splenomegaly, gout, hypertension
32
What is intolerable pruritus
Skin itching - indicative of primary polycythemia
33
What is sickle cell anemia
Generic term for a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin
34
Mechanism of sickle cell anemia
Genetic mutation results in single amino acid substitution of hemoglobin, changes its shape causing it to lose the ability to deform and squeeze through tiny blood vessels
35
The two main features of sickle cell anemia
Chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso occlusion
36
Most common symptom of sickle cell anemia
Pain caused by blockage of sickle cells in an organ, bone or joint
37
Pain in sickle cell can last
Hours to 5 or 6 days and subsides gradually
38
Hand foot syndrome associated with sickle cell is associated with
Fever, pain and dactylitis
39
Leukocytosis is recognized by a count of more than
10,000 leakocytes/mm^3
40
The three clinical signs and symptoms associated with leukocytosis
Fever, infection, inflammation or trauma
41
What is leukopenia
Reduction in leukocytes below 5000 per microliter
42
Explain Nadir
The lowest point the white blood cell count reaches, 7-14 days after Chemotherapy or radiation therapy - must be most careful here with hygiene
43
Clinical signs and symptoms of leukopenia
Sore throat, cough, fever,,chills, sweating, persistent infections, frequent and painful urination, ulcerations of mucous membranes
44
Define leukemia
Uncontrolled growth of immature or dysfunctional white blood cells
45
Platelets survive _____ in circulation
8-10 days
46
Platelets are most effected by
Anticoagulant drugs, diet (lecithin and vitamin K) , exercise, liver disease, radiation
47
Thrombocytosis is associated with the tendency to
Clot
48
Clinical signs and symptoms of thrombocytosis
Thrombosis, splenomegaly, easy bruising
49
Most common cause of thrombocytopenia seen by pt's
Cancer related
50
Severe thrombocytopenia results in
Petechiae most commonly on the lower legs
51
Clinical signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia
Bleeding after minor trauma, spontaneous bleeding (petechiae, ecchymoses, purpura spots, epistaxis), menorrhagiA, gingival bleeding, Melena( black tarry stools)
52
What is hemophilia
A hereditary blood clotting disorder caused by an abnormality of functional plasma clotting proteins known as factors VIII and IX
53
___ is one of the most common manifestations of hemophilia
Hemarthrosis
54
______ is the second most common site of bleeding in those with hemophilia
Bleeding into the muscles
55
Bleeding into muscles is most common in
Flexors
56
When there is bleeding in psoas or iliacus ____
Compression of femoral artery may occur causing decreased sensation and referred pain to abdomen - they will have a position of flexion to reduce pain
57
Clinical signs and symptoms of acute hemarthrosis
Aura, tingling or prickling sensation, stiffening into position of comfort, decreased range of motion, pain, swelling,,tenderness and heat
58
Signs and symptoms of muscle hemorrhage
Gradually intensifying pain, protective spasm of the muscle, limitation of movement at the surrounding joints, muscle assumes position of comfort and loss of sensation
59
Clinical signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement
Abdominal pain and distention, Melena ( blood in stool), hematemesis (vomiting blood), fever, lower abdominal or groin pain, flexion contracture of the hip due to spasm of the iliopsoas muscle secondary to retro peritoneal hemorrhage
60
How do you distinguish an iliopsoas bleed from a hip bleed
Flexion of the truck would cause severe pain if it was iliopsoas and just mild pain if it was hip whereas there would be severe pain with ER and IR if it was hip bleeding and just mild pain if iliopsoas
61
Exercise for those with anemia must be
Approved by physician
62
Clients with undiagnosed thrombocytopenia need
Immediate physician referral
63
Avoid this maneuver in those with thrombocytopenia
Valsalva maneuver
64
If rapid onset of anemia were to occur after major surgery what might you see
Exertional dyspnea and fatigue with increased heart rate
65
Chronic GI blood loss sometimes associated with use of NSAIDS can result in
Iron deficiency
66
Preoperatively clients cannot take aspirin or anti inflammatories because these
Decrease platelets
67
Bleeding under the skin, nosebleeds, bleeding gums and black stools require medical evaluation as these may be indicative of
Thrombocytopenia

Primary Care (8 decks)

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