Chapter 5

Question 1

Republic

Answer 1

The leader is not a king, and certain citizens have the right to vote

Question 2

Patricians

Answer 2

Upper class, could vote and could be elected to political office

Question 3

Plebeians

Answer 3

Lower class, can vote, but can’t go into office

Question 4

Senate

Answer 4

• About three hundred patricians who served for life made up the original Senate
• At first only an advisory body, by the third century B.C., it had the force of law

Question 5

Consul

Answer 5

Chief executive officers, ran the government and led the army into battle

Question 6

Praetor

Answer 6

• Chief executive officers, directed the civil law, or law applied to citizens and non-citizens
• High level military officer

Question 7

Twelve Tables

Answer 7

Rome’s first code of law

Question 8

Punic Wars

Answer 8

• The First Punic War, between Rome and Carthage, began when Rome sent troops to Sicily
• Romans realized that to win the war they needed a large navy, which they built
• Rome defeated Carthage’s navy, and in 241 B.C.
• Carthage gave up its rights to Sicily and paid money to Rome
• Sicily became Rome’s first province
• 264-146 B.C.

Question 9

Hannibal

Answer 9

The greatest Carthaginian general, began the Second Punic War, which lasted from 218 to 201 B.C.

Question 10

Triumvirate (1st & 2nd)

Answer 10

1st:

• From 82 to 31 B.C., civil wars beset Rome
• Three men–Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar–emerged victorious
• Crassus was wealthy, and the other two were military commanders and heroes
• They combined their power to form the First Triumvirate in 60 B.C.
• A government by three people with equal power

2nd:
Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate after Caesar’s death

Question 11

Dictator

Answer 11

An absolute ruler

Question 12

Julius Caesar

Answer 12

• When Crassus was killed, the Senate decided that rule by Pompey alone would be best, and it ordered Julius Caesar to give up his command
• Caesar defeated Pompey and became dictator in 45 B.C.
• Yet he knew Rome needed reforms
• He gave land to the poor and expanded the Senate to 900 members
• He filled the Senate with his supporters, thereby weakening its power
• A group of leading senators assassinated Caesar in 44 B.C.

Question 13

Augustus

Answer 13

• The civil wars and the Roman Republic ended.
• A new period of Roman history known as the Age of Augustus began in 31 B.C.
• He gave only some power to the Senate and became Rome’s first emperor
• That same year, the Senate awarded him the title of Augustus, or “the revered one.”

Question 14

Antony & Cleopatra

Answer 14

• Soon, however, Octavian and Antony divided the Roman world between themselves: Octavian took the west and Antony took the east
• Inevitably, they came into conflict
• Antony allied and fell in love with Egypt’s queen Cleopatra VII
• They ran away and committed suicide

Question 15

Pax Romana

Answer 15

A time of peace and prosperity

Question 16

Latifundia

Answer 16

Landed estates

Question 17

Imperator

Answer 17

Commander in chief (highest level)

Question 18

Virgil

Answer 18

Most distinguished poet from Mantua, who wrote his epic poem the Aeneid in honor of Rome

Question 19

Livy

Answer 19

-The most important prose work of this time was Livy’s History of Rome

Question 20

Aqueducts

Answer 20

A system that supplied one million people with water

Question 21

Slavery

Answer 21

• No people relied on slavery as much as the Romans

- Slaves were the lowest class

Question 22

Spartacus

Answer 22

• Seventy thousand slaves joined up with Spartacus, and they defeated several Roman armies before being defeated themselves in 71 B.C.
• Was a slave/gladiator

Question 23

Paterfamilias

Answer 23

The dominant male of a household

Question 24

Villas

Answer 24

Where rich lived

Question 25

Insulaes

Answer 25

The poor lived in these apartment blocks

Question 26

Theodosius The Great

Answer 26

Under Theodosius the Great, the Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion

Question 27

Diocletian

Answer 27

• Believing the empire was too large to have only one ruler, he divided the empire into four sections, each with its own ruler, including himself
• His military power, however, made him the ultimate authority
• Constantine, who ruled from 306 to 337, extended many of Diocletian’s policies

Question 28

Constantine

Answer 28

The first Christian emperor

Question 29

Invaders (Visigoths, Huns, Vandals)

Answer 29

• The Visigoths moved south, crossing the Danube into Roman territory
• Initially Roman allies, the Visigoths revolted and defeated a Roman army in 378
• More Germans crossed into Roman territory
• In 410 the Visigoths sacked the city of Rome
• In the second half of the fourth century, Huns from Asia moved into eastern Europe and put pressure on the Germanic Visigoths
• In 455, another group, called the Vandals, also sacked the city
• Our modern word vandal comes from the name of this ruthless tribe

Question 30

Edict of Milan

Answer 30

A letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in 313, shortly after the end of the persecution of Christians by the emperor Diocletian

Question 31

Legion

Answer 31

A unit of 3,000-6,000 men in the ancient Roman army

Question 32

Architecture

Answer 32

Circle arches, rounded buildings, realistic sculptures