Chapter 5 Flashcards
(30 cards)
the study of the energy changes that accompany physical or chemical changes in matter
thermochemistry
the ability to do work; SI units joules (J)
energy
the amount of energy transferred by a force over a distance; SI units joules (J)
work
the energy of a body or system due to its position or composition
potential energy
the energy of an object due to its motion
kinetic energy
the total quantity of kinetic and potential energy in a substance
thermal energy
the transfer of thermal energy from a warm object to a cooler object
heat
a measure of the average kinetic energy of entities in a substance
temperature
a group of reactants and products being studied
chemical system
all the matter that is not part of the system
surroundings
a system in which both matter and energy are free to enter and leave the system
open system
a system in which energy can enter and leave the system, but matter cannot
closed system
an ideal system in which neither matter nor energy can move in or out
isolated system
releasing energy to the surroundings
exothermic
absorbing energy from the surroundings
endothermic
the process of combining two or more nuclei of low atomic mass to form a heavier, more stable nucleus
fusion
the process of using a neutron to split a nucleus of high atomic mass into two nuclei with smaller masses
fission
the quantity of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C; SI units J/(g·°C)
specific heat capacity (c)
a device that is used to measure thermal energy changes in a chemical or physical change
calorimeter
the experimental process of measuring the thermal energy change in a chemical or physical change
calorimetry
the total amount of thermal energy in a substance
enthalpy (H)
the energy released to or absorbed from the surroundings during a chemical or physical change
enthalpy change
the enthalpy change associated with a physical, chemical, or nuclear change involving 1 mol of a substance; SI units J/mol
molar enthalpy change
a graphical representation of the energy transferred during a physical or a chemical change
potential energy diagram
