Chapter 5

Question 1

lower trip of the heart

Answer 1

apex

Question 2

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Answer 2

pericardium

pericadial sac

Question 3

fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart

Answer 3

parietal pericardium

Question 4

• inner layer of the pericardium

- also forms the outer layer of the heart

Answer 4

visceral pericardium

Question 5

What are the three walls of the heart?

Answer 5

1) epicardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

Question 6

What is the thickest of the heart’s three layers?

Answer 6

Myocardium

Question 7

consists of epithelial tissue

inner lining of the heart

comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart

Answer 7

endocardium

Question 8

these supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

Answer 8

coronary arteries

Question 9

divides the two upper chambers of the heart

Answer 9

interatrial septum

Question 10

Which valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Answer 10

tricuspid valve

Question 11

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary vein?

Answer 11

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 12

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 12

mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 13

Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

Answer 13

aortic semilunar valve

Question 14

this type of circulation is the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

Answer 14

pulmonary circulation

Question 15

• carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
• this is the only place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins

Answer 15

pulmonary arteries

Question 16

• carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium

- this is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood

Answer 16

pulmonary veins

Question 17

this type of circulation includes the low of blood into all parts of the body EXCEPT the lungs

Answer 17

systemic circulation

Question 18

this type of blood flows out of the left ventricle and into arterial circulation

Answer 18

oxygenated blood

Question 19

veins carry this type of blood into the right atrium

Answer 19

deoxygenated blood

Question 20

• this is located on the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava
• natural pacemaker of the heart
• electrical pulses start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart
• forces blood into the ventricles

Answer 20

sinoatrial node

Question 21

• located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum
• transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His

Answer 21

atrioventricular node

Question 22

• largest blood vessel in the body

- begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system

Answer 22

aorta

Question 23

arteries that carry blood upward to the head

Answer 23

carotid arteries

Question 24

Where is the common carotid artery located?

Answer 24

The common carotid artery is located on each side of the neck

Question 25

this artery brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain

Answer 25

internal carotid artery

Question 26

this artery brings blood to the face

Answer 26

external carotid artery

Question 27

deliver blood to the capillaries

Answer 27

arterioles

Question 28

deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues

Answer 28

capillaries

Question 29

these further slow the flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into the tissues

Answer 29

capillaries

Question 30

it is here that the change of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials occur within the surround cells

Answer 30

capillaries

Question 31

- a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products - 91% water and 9% proteins

Answer 31

plasma

Question 32

a plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

Answer 32

serum

Question 33

What are the clotting proteins found in plasma?

Answer 33

fibrinogen and prothrombin

Question 34

Which of the formed elements of the blood is responsible of transporting oxygen to the tissues?

Answer 34

erythrocytes

Question 35

This is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

Answer 35

hemoglobin

Question 36

Which of the formed elements are the most common of WBC and uses phagocytosis for defense against pathogens?

Answer 36

neutrophils

Question 37

Which is the formed elements are the least common type of WBC and are responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies?

Answer 37

basophils

Question 38

Which of the formed elements are responsible for destroying parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions?

Answer 38

eosinophils

Question 39

Which of the formed elements identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria and viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them?

Answer 39

Lymphocytes

Question 40

Which of the formed elements use phagocytosis to provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms?

Answer 40

monocytes

Question 41

these platelets are the smallest formed elements of the blood and play an important role in the clotting of blood

Answer 41

thrombocytes

Question 42

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

Answer 42

congenital heart defects

Question 43

- atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle - can cause angina (pain), a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or death

Answer 43

coronary heart disease