Chapter 5

Question 1

Social Group

Answer 1

Two or more people who identity with and interact with one another

Question 2

Primary Group

Answer 2

A small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationship

Question 3

Secondary Group

Answer 3

A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific group or activity

Question 4

Instrumental Leadership

Answer 4

Group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks

Question 5

Expressive Leadership

Answer 5

Group leadership that focuses on the groups well-being

Question 6

Groupthink

Answer 6

The tendency of group members to conform resulting in a narrow view of some issue

Question 7

Reference Group

Answer 7

A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

Question 8

In-Group

Answer 8

A social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty

Question 9

Out-Group

Answer 9

A social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition

Question 10

Dyad

Answer 10

A social group with two members

Question 11

Triad

Answer 11

A social group with three members

Question 12

Network

Answer 12

A web of weak, social ties

Question 13

Formal Organizations

Answer 13

Large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently

Question 14

Rationalization of Society

Answer 14

The historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought

Question 15

Tradition

Answer 15

Behaviour, values, and beliefs passed from generation to generation

Question 16

Rationality

Answer 16

A way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact, calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task

Question 17

Bureaucracy

Answer 17

An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

Question 18

Organizational Environment

Answer 18

Factors outside an organization that affect its operation

Question 19

Bureaucratic Ritualism

Answer 19

A focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization’s goals

Question 20

Bureaucratic Inertia

Answer 20

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves

Question 21

Oligarchy

Answer 21

The rule of the many by the dew

Question 22

Scientific Management

Answer 22

The application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organizations