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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Transcription

A

The gene sequence is copied to a smaller molecule

Example- a single recipe from the cook book onto a flash card.

2
Q

RNA

A

Is a single strand
Ribosome
Aucg =base

3
Q

DNA sequence

A

ATGCCATTA
transition to complimentary MRNA
UACCGUAAU

4
Q

Translation

A

MRNA molecule moves out of the cells nucleus.
Transition begins
Ingredients must be present in cytoplasm for translation to occur
Peptide bond link amino acids

5
Q

Free amino acids

A

The raw material for building proteins

6
Q

Ribosome subunits

A

Subunits

7
Q

Transfer RNA

A

Interpreters of the MRNA code

8
Q

MRNA

A

Is single strand

9
Q

Codon table

A

64 combinations
Every triplet is calls for a code
(Codon)

10
Q

AUG codon

A

Is called the methanomine

11
Q

UAA
UAG
UGA
Codon

A

Means stop

12
Q

AUG

A

Start codon

13
Q

Anti codon

A

Is on the TRNA

Codon is on the MRNA strand

14
Q

Ribosome

A

Reads the MRNA

15
Q

TRNA

A

Transports amino acids

16
Q

Once you hit the stop sequence

A

The protein is release and folds

17
Q

20 different

A

Type of amino acids

18
Q

Causes and effects of mutation

A
Alteration sequence of bases of DNA.
Changes I. The structure and fiction of the protein.
(Effects)
Mutations 
Wrong codon sequence
Seriously or deadly to organism
No effects
Can turn out to be beneficial to the organism
19
Q

Mutations can

A

Disrupt normal processes and harm the individual.

One simple change in the amino acid can alter development

20
Q

Breast cancer in humans

BRCA 1 &BRCA 2.

A

Two genes called BRCA 1 &BRCA 2.
Help prevent ovarian cancer
Tumor suppressor
Prevent cells from devising uncontrollably

21
Q

Mutations

A

Mutations are essential to evolution.
Mutations that don’t kill an organism can reduce ability of survival or reproduction.
Can be beneficial
Every genetic feature was a mutation

22
Q

Types of mutation

A
Nucleotide substitute
-less sever
-doesn't change after or before
nucleotide insertion
MRNA is going to be red(stop)
-Complete change of reading frame
-Everything after is different
nucleotide deletion
- same as insertion
23
Q

3 main causes of mutations

A

1Spontaneous - no control
2Radiation - induces mutation ex: X-rays , nuclear plants
3 chemical - induced mutation ex: smoking , expose to chemicals.

24
Q

Faulty genes. Coding for faulty enzymes

A
  • can lead to production of non fictional enzyme

- fast flushing