Chapter 5 & 6

Question 1

If you are 20 yrs old…

Answer 1

the earth’s population would have grown by nearly 30% since your birth. 1.6 Billion!

Question 1

pre-agricultural period

Answer 1

100,000
development of human culture

Question 2

agricultural period

Answer 2

10,000
domestication of plants and animals and the development of farming

Question 3

industrial period

Answer 3

Technologies powered by fossil fuels increased food production

Question 4

cellular respiration byproducts

Answer 4

heat, carbon dioxide, and water

Question 5

protons

Answer 5

positively charged particles

Question 6

electrons

Answer 6

negatively charged particles

Question 7

Atoms of an element always have the same number of protons…

Answer 7

but they may have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are called

Answer 8

Isotopes

Question 9

Amensalism

Answer 9

-,0 one is harmed while the other isn’t affected

Question 10

Commensalism

Answer 10

+, 0 one benefits while the other isn’t affected

Question 11

Intraspecific competition

Answer 11

members of the SAME SPECIES pursue limited resources

Question 12

Interspecific competition

Answer 12

DIFFERENT SPECIES compete for shared resources

Question 13

Herbivory

Answer 13

+, - one benefits while the other is harmed ex: deer foraging on acorns

Question 14

Competitive- Exclusion Principle

Answer 14

Two species that directly compete for essential resources cannot coexist; one species will eventually displace the other.

Question 15

Interference Competition

Answer 15

Basically scaring off competition

Ex: through interference competition, garlic mustard has significantly decreased the diversity of the ecological community where it is now abundant.

Question 16

Exploitation Competition

Answer 16

indirecty competing with another species

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

a polymer of the sugar glucose

Question 18

Coevolution

Answer 18

Coexisting and evolving together

two or more species affect each other’s evolution

Question 19

primary producers

Answer 19

transform energy from sunlight through photosynthesis

Question 20

primary consumers

Answer 20

animals that feed on primary producers such as plants

Question 21

the loss of carnivores

Answer 21

trophic cascade

Question 22

process of post-disturbance change in an ecological community is called

Answer 22

succesion

Question 23

primary succession

Answer 23

where a disturbance has removed virtually all ecological legacies.

Question 24

Mortality transition

Answer 24

death rates decrease while birth rates remain high or increase

Question 25

Pre Transition Stage

Answer 25

death rates are high

Question 26

Fertility Transition

Answer 26

birth rates and death rates both decrease

Question 27

Whose forecast predicted that Earth’s human carrying capacity, which would not be reached until 2100, would be fewer than 3 billion people?

Answer 27

Raymond Pearl and Sophia Gould

Question 28

The IPAT formula is used to estimate the

Answer 28

the environmental impact of a population

Question 29

The neo-Malthusian movement advocated for

Answer 29

birth control to limit population growth

Question 30

process by which potential competitors in an ecological community are able to coexist

Answer 30

Niche Differentiation, allows them to divide the fundamental niche

Question 31

carries parasites but are unaffected by them

Answer 31

A vector

Question 32

keystone producers

Answer 32

essential in an ecosystem and their absence could cause a population crash