Chapter 5-6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
What is a solvent?
The substance in which the solute is dissolved to form a solution.
What is concentration?
The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.
What does weight/volume (w/v) mean?
A way to express concentration, indicating the grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.
What is molarity (M)?
A measure of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is a mole in chemistry?
A unit representing 6.02 x 10²³ molecules of a substance.
What is molecular weight?
The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule, measured in grams per mole.
What is Avogadro’s number?
The number of molecules or atoms in one mole of a substance,
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.
What is a percentage solution?
A solution in which the concentration is expressed as a percentage of the total volume or mass.
What is atomic weight?
The average mass of atoms of an element
What does grams per mole (g/mol) mean?
The unit of molecular weight, indicating how many grams one mole of a substance weighs.
What are stock solutions?
Concentrated forms of commonly used solutions prepared to save time and space, which are later diluted to the desired molarity.
What is dilution?
The process of adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration.
What is the equation for dilution?
V1M1= V2M2
How much water do you add to 25 mL of 0.50 M KOH to make a 0.35 M solution?
Add 10.7 mL of water (final volume = 35.7 mL).
How would you prepare 100 mL of 0.4 M MgSO₄ from a 2 M stock solution?
Use 20 mL of the 2 M stock solution and add water to make the total volume 100 mL.
What are acids and bases?
Acids add H⁺ to a solution; bases remove H⁺.
What is the H⁺ concentration in pure water?
10-7 M, making it neutral.
What is the pH scale?
A 0-14 scale measuring solution acidity or basicity, with pH = -log[H⁺].
What is the pH scale?
A 0-14 scale measuring solution acidity or basicity, with pH = -log[H⁺].
