CHapter 5-6

Question 1

What does ‘Dorsal’ refer to?

Answer 1

Dorsal refers to the back side of the body.

Question 2

What does ‘Distal’ mean?

Answer 2

Distal means farther from the point of attachment or the trunk.

Question 3

What does ‘Ventral’ refer to?

Answer 3

Ventral refers to the front side of the body.

Question 4

What does ‘Proximal’ mean?

Answer 4

Proximal means closer to the point of attachment or the trunk.

Question 5

What should be reviewed regarding the bones of the body?

Answer 5

Review the bones of the body in each part as discussed in class.

Question 6

What does ‘Unilateral’ mean?

Answer 6

Unilateral refers to one side of the body.

Question 7

What does ‘Bilateral’ mean?

Answer 7

Bilateral refers to both sides of the body.

Question 8

What is the ‘Prone’ position?

Answer 8

Prone means lying face down.

Question 9

What is the ‘Supine’ position?

Answer 9

Supine means lying face up.

Question 10

What does ‘Medial’ refer to?

Answer 10

Medial refers to being closer to the midline of the body.

Question 11

What does ‘Lateral’ mean?

Answer 11

Lateral means farther from the midline of the body.

Question 12

What is the ‘Fowler position’?

Answer 12

Fowler position is a sitting position with different variations: High fowlers and Semi-fowlers.

Question 13

What does ‘Superior’ mean?

Answer 13

Superior means above or higher in position.

Question 14

What does ‘Inferior’ refer to?

Answer 14

Inferior means below or lower in position.

Question 15

What does ‘Adduction’ mean?

Answer 15

Adduction is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Question 16

What does ‘Abduction’ refer to?

Answer 16

Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 17

What does ‘Flexion’ mean?

Answer 17

Flexion is the bending of a joint.

Question 18

What does ‘Extension’ refer to?

Answer 18

Extension is the straightening of a joint.

Question 19

What is the ‘Apex’?

Answer 19

Apex refers to the tip or highest point of a structure.

Question 20

What does ‘Anterior’ mean?

Answer 20

Anterior refers to the front of the body.

Question 21

What does ‘Posterior’ refer to?

Answer 21

Posterior refers to the back of the body.

Question 22

What is the ‘Brainstem’?

Answer 22

The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord.

Question 23

What is the ‘Medulla oblongata’?

Answer 23

The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 24

What is the ‘Pons’?

Answer 24

The pons is a part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

Question 25

What is 'Dead space'?

Answer 25

Dead space refers to areas of the lungs where gas exchange does not occur.

Question 26

What does 'Ventilation' mean?

Answer 26

Ventilation is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Question 27

What does 'Respiration' refer to?

Answer 27

Respiration is the process of gas exchange in the body.

Question 28

What does 'Oxygenation' mean?

Answer 28

Oxygenation is the process of adding oxygen to the blood.

Question 29

What does 'Diffusion' refer to?

Answer 29

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 30

What is 'Skeletal muscle'?

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is attached to bones and helps in movement.

Question 31

What is 'Smooth muscle'?

Answer 31

Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow organs.

Question 32

What is the 'Axial skeleton'?

Answer 32

The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Question 33

What is the 'Appendicular skeleton'?

Answer 33

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.

Question 34

What is a 'Hinge joint'?

Answer 34

A hinge joint allows for movement in one plane, like a door.

Question 35

What is a 'Ball and socket joint'?

Answer 35

A ball and socket joint allows for rotational movement in multiple directions.

Question 36

What are 'Arteries'?

Answer 36

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 37

What are 'Veins'?

Answer 37

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Question 38

What are 'Capillaries'?

Answer 38

Capillaries are small blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

Question 39

What is the 'Inferior vena cava'?

Answer 39

The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.

Question 40

What is the 'Superior vena cava'?

Answer 40

The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

Question 41

What is the 'Pulmonary vein'?

Answer 41

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 42

What is the 'Pulmonary artery'?

Answer 42

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Question 43

What are 'Facial bones'?

Answer 43

Facial bones are the bones that form the structure of the face.

Question 44

What is the 'Thoracic cavity'?

Answer 44

The thoracic cavity is the chamber of the body that houses the lungs and heart.

Question 45

What is the 'Abdominal cavity'?

Answer 45

The abdominal cavity is the space within the abdomen that contains digestive organs.

Question 46

What is the 'Retroperitoneal space'?

Answer 46

The retroperitoneal space is the area behind the peritoneum that contains the kidneys and other structures.

Question 47

What are the four main components of the blood and their functions?

Answer 47

The four main components of the blood are red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (immune response), platelets (clotting), and plasma (transport).