chapter 5-7

Question 1

What stage in photosynthesis is carbon dioxide fixed?

Answer 1

Calvin cycle

Question 2

What part of the leaf does carbon dioxide enter and oxygen exit?

Answer 2

Stomata

Question 3

What is the pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light?

Answer 3

Chlorophll A

Question 4

What is entropy

Answer 4

Measure of disorder in a system

Question 5

What process allows the anaerobic harvest of food by yeast to produce ethyl alcohol?

Answer 5

Alchohol Fermentation

Question 6

AlWhat food molecule is produced by the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis which is later converted to glucose, proteins, or lipids?

Answer 6

63P

Question 7

What are three ways that ATP is used in the cell?

Answer 7

Chemical, Mechanical, + transport

Question 8

Define the term;
activation energy

Answer 8

activates the reactants and triggers the chemical reactions

Question 9

Where does the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis take place?

Answer 9

Thylakoid

Question 10

What absorbs the wavelengths of light in photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Chlorophyll

Question 11

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 11

“cellular eating”engulfing the whole cell, fragments, organic material using ATP

Question 12

What happens to human blood cells in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 12

cell shrivels from water loss

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

the diffusion of water across the membrane towards greater concentration

Question 14

In which reaction do the reactants contain more potential energy than the products and energy is released?

Answer 14

exergonic

Question 15

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 15

c02, water, sunlight

Question 16

What is the function of NADH in cellular respiration?

Answer 16

Delivers electron to first electron carrier in the electron transport chain

Question 17

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?

Answer 17

stroma

Question 18

What type of molecule is vitamin B6?

Answer 18

coenzyme

Question 19

What type of transport requires a transport protein and energy?

Answer 19

active transport

Question 20

How many ATPs are produced by the oxidative phosphorylation step in the electron transport chain?

Answer 20

32

Question 21

Why is the membrane described as the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 21

diverse transport, large particle move out

Question 22

Does substrate-level phosphorylation only takes place in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?

Answer 23

Glucose and oxygen

Question 24

What are the two enzymes in aerobic respiration that accepts electrons and hydrogen atoms?

Answer 24

NAD+ and FAD

Question 25

What is produced during the first stage of cellular respiration?

Answer 25

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

Question 26

In chloroplasts what phosphorylates ADP to ATP

Answer 26

photophosphorylation

Question 27

What type of solution has higher concentration of solutes on the outside of the cell than inside?

Answer 27

hypertonic soluation

Question 28

What is pyruvate converted into at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 28

Acetyl-CoA

Question 29

What is the function of RuBP in the Calvin cycle in plants?

Answer 29

carbon dioxide acceptor

Question 30

In cellular respiration, how does glucose become oxidized?

Answer 30

enzymatic reactions

Question 30

Put the following steps of the Calvin cycle in order: a- Carbon fixation b- Regeneration of RuBP c- Release of G3P d- Reduction

Answer 30

a- carbon fixation d- reduction c- release of G3P b- regeneration of RuBP

Question 30

In which organelle, does the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain take place?

Answer 30

mitochondria

Question 31

What does the sodium-potassium pump use to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell?

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

What type of proteins greatly increases the rate of chemical reactions?

Answer 32

Enzymes

Question 33

Is global warming due to the greenhouse effect made worse by photosynthesis?

Answer 33

No, photosynthesis does not make it worse

Question 34

What is an example of a plant that carries out the CAM pathway of photosynthesis?

Answer 34

cactus

Question 35

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 35

oxygen

Question 36

What are the functions of the plasma membrane proteins?

Answer 36

transport, receptors, enzymatic activity, cell recognition, and intercellular joining

Question 37

What forms in the light dependent reactions?

Answer 37

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

Question 38

How many ATPs are produced at the end of cellular respiration?

Answer 38

30-32 ATPs

Question 39

Can osmosis can be defined as the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the direction where the solutes are in the greatest concentration?

Answer 39

YES

Question 40

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

Answer 40

transport, enzymes, receptors, support

Question 41

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 41

light-dependent and Calvin cycle

Question 42

Why is the plasma membrane considered to be selectively permeable?

Answer 42

It selectively allows certain molecules

Question 43

What happens during chemiomosis?

Answer 43

ATP is produced as protons slow back across a membrane through ATP synthase, driven by s proton gradient

Question 44

How does oxygen cross the plasma membrane (process)?

Answer 44

passive diffusion

Question 45

What part of the leaf allows carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to escape?

Answer 45

stomata

Question 45

Where does photosynthesis take place in the leaf?

Answer 45

chloroplasts of the mesophyll tissue

Question 46

What happens to the potential energy in the product of the following reaction; Z----> Y + V + HEAT

Answer 46

The potential energy decreases

Question 47

In what cellular process do fatty acid travel through the membrane?

Answer 47

passive diffusion

Question 48

What type of reactions do enzymes catalyze?

Answer 48

anabolic, and catabolic reactions

Question 49

When does ATP release energy?

Answer 49

when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken during hydrolysis

Question 50

Why is the plasma membrane often described as the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 50

due to the flexible structure and the diverse proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer

Question 51

When can a solute be moved against the gradient into the cell?

Answer 51

active transport, requires energy

Question 52

What process is used when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium?

Answer 52

phagocytosis

Question 52

What happens to electrons during an oxidation reaction and during a reduction reaction?

Answer 52

In an oxidation reaction, electrons are lost by a substance. In a reduction reaction, electrons are gained by a substance.

Question 53

What type of organism produces organic molecules from inorganic molecules?

Answer 53

photo autotrophs

Question 54

What is produced during the Calvin cycle (3 things)?

Answer 54

glucose, ADP, NADP+

Question 55

What happens during light reactions?

Answer 55

light splits water into hydrogen atoms are made into 63P molecules

Question 56

What type of environment is a protozoan in if it contains contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell?

Answer 56

hypotonic to the protozoan

Question 56

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

Answer 56

alcohol, lactic

Question 57

Where does photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur?

Answer 57

chloroplast, mitochondria

Question 58

How many ATPs are made in glycolysis?

Answer 58

2

Question 59

Does the citric acid cycle produce carbon dioxide, pyruvate, ATP and FADH2?

Answer 59

NO

Question 60

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 60

C6 H12 O6 + 60 2 ----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (ATP)

Question 61

Define the following term; aerobic respiration

Answer 61

oxygen dependent pathway for producing ATP

Question 62

Define the following term; producer

Answer 62

makes own food

Question 63

define the following term; consumer

Answer 63

depends on others for food

Question 64

define the following term; enzyme inhibition

Answer 64

substrate that blocks active cite of enzyme