Chapter 5,7,8,9

Question 1

Behavior potential

Answer 1

Behavior changes that are temp. Due to things like drugs, alcohol, etc (not learned)

Question 2

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

Answer 2

Reflex response to a stimuli other than the original, natural response

Question 3

Operant conditioning (b.F. Skinner)

Answer 3

Learning of voluntary behavior thru the effects pleasant and unpleasant consequences

Question 4

Primary reinforcer

Answer 4

Stimulus that naturally strengthens any response that precedes it. (Food, water,sex)

Question 5

Secondary/conditioned reinforcer

Answer 5

A previous neutral stimulus that acquires the ability to strengthen

Question 6

Punishment

Answer 6

To decrease the frequency or prob. Of a response occurring again.

Question 7

Positive(punish)

Answer 7

Presentation of an aversive stimulus to decrease the prob. Of an operant response reoccurring shaking

Question 8

Negative (punish)

Answer 8

The removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease the probability of an operant response occurring again

Question 9

Disadvantages of punishment

Answer 9

• severe punish-may cause child to avoid punisher
• ‘may encourage lying
• creates fear and anxiety
• a successful model for aggression
• encourages subversive behavior

Question 10

Cognitive Learning Theory

Answer 10

• latent learning : remains hidden
• insight learning: a sudden perception of relations. Among various parts of the problem
• learned helplessness; the tendency to fail to escape from a situation because of historical repeated failures

Question 11

Memory

Answer 11

• encoding
• storage
• retrieval

Question 12

Emotional intelligence

Answer 12

Being able to control emotions due to past experience

Question 13

Intelligence test

Answer 13

• Stanford Binet and iq

- Weschler text :Wisc (child), Wppsi(prek), and WAIS (adult)

Question 14

Wisdom

Answer 14

Application of intelligence toward a common good

Question 15

Nature v. Nurture

Answer 15

Nature :the influence of our inherited characteristics

Nurture:the influ. Of the environ.

Question 16

Changes occur in people as they age from conception to death

Answer 16

• longitudual designs
• cross sectional designs
• cross sequential designs

Question 17

Cognitive development (thinking, problem solving, memory)

Answer 17

4 stages

• sensorimotor stage
• pre operational stage (language)
• concrete stage(kids thoughts process but not abstract)
• formal operations stage (abstract)

Question 18

Motivation

Answer 18

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs are met

Question 19

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 19

Person performs a action cause it leads to an outcome that is seperated from or external to person

Question 20

Intrinsic motivation.

Answer 20

Person performs an action cause the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in Some internal manner.

Question 21

Characteristics of 3 kinds of needs

Answer 21

-need of achieve (strong desire to succeed)
-need for affiliation (seeked 2 be liked by others )
Need for power (influences over others)

Question 22

Drive

Answer 22

A psychological and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

Question 23

Drive reduction theory

Answer 23

Approached to motivation that assumes behavior arises from psycho needs that cause internal drives to push the otganisn to satisfy the news and redux. Tension And arousal

Question 24

Primary drive

Answer 24

Those drives that includes need for the body (hunger and thirst)

Question 25

Secondary drive

Answer 25

Those drives that's are learned through experience or conditioning such as the need for money or social app.

Question 26

Mallows hierarchy of needs

Answer 26

``` Self actulization Esteem needs Love and belongings Safety needs psychological need ```

Question 27

Psychodynamic person./appro. (Freud)

Answer 27

Concept is the ID, ego, and. Super ego

Question 28

Behavioral perspe./appro. (John B. Watson and b.f. Skinner)

Answer 28

Behaviors can be learned cr an approach called "conditioning "

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

Tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

Question 30

Mcclellands theory

Answer 30

- need for affiliation (likes by others) - need for power (control over others) - need for achievement desire to succeed)

Question 31

Carol dweck self theory of motivation.

Answer 31

The need for achieve,. Is clisely linked wit personality factors including person view of self can affects the individual perception of the success or failures of their actions

Question 32

Stimulus motive

Answer 32

One that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulations (I.e. Curiosity, playing, exploring

Question 33

Arousal theory

Answer 33

People have a optimal (best or ideal) level of tension. (Such as task Performance)

Question 34

Learning

Answer 34

Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice.