Chapter 5

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

• Guarantee equal protection under law

- Rooted in the 14th Amendment

Question 2

14th Amendment

Answer 2

• Those born in the US are citizens

- Right to life liberty and property

Question 3

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 3

Implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the US and gave African-Americans full equality before the law.

Question 4

Enforcement Act of 1870

Answer 4

Set out criminal penalties on those who interfered with the right to vote.

Question 5

Civil Rights Act of 1872

Answer 5

• Known as the anti Klu Klux Klan Act
• Made it a crime for anyone to use law or custom to deprive an individual of rights, privileges, and immunities secured by the Constitution or by any federal law.

Question 6

The Second Civil Rights Act (1875)

Answer 6

Declare that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations and places of public amusement.

Question 7

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 7

• African-American Homer Plessy was told to leave a train because it was only for whites.
• introduced the “separate but equal” doctrine

Question 8

Separate but equal

Answer 8

Separation of races in places they could interact with each other do not imply inferiority of race.

Question 9

Voting barriers

Answer 9

• grandfather clause
• poll taxes
• white primary
• literacy tests

Question 10

Grandfather clause

Answer 10

Restricted voting to those who can prove that their ancestors had voted before 1867

Question 11

White primary

Answer 11

Prevented African Americans from voting in the primaries.

Question 12

Poll taxes

Answer 12

Required payment of a fee to vote.

Question 13

Literacy tests

Answer 13

Only people who could read can vote.

Question 14

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 14

Ruled that “separate but equal” doctrine segregation is against the 14th Amendment.

Question 15

De jure segregation

Answer 15

Racial segregation due to laws.

Question 16

De facto segregation

Answer 16

Racial segregation because of past social and economic conditions

Question 17

Civil disobedience

Answer 17

nonviolent protest to unjust laws

Question 18

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 18

Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender or national origin

Question 19

The Voting Rights Act of 1865

Answer 19

• Passed because only 29% of African Americans of voting age were registered in the southern states.
• outlawed discriminatory voter registration tests

Question 20

The Civil Rights Act of 1968

Answer 20

Banned discrimination in housing and mortgage

Question 21

What percent of African Americans were registered to vote as a result of the voting right acts?

Answer 21

56% of African Americans by 1980

Question 22

Affirmative action

Answer 22

A policy in educational admissions and job hiring that gives special attention or compensation to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome the effects of past discrimination

Question 23

Reverse discrimination

Answer 23

The situation in which an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status like a competent white student cannot have access to a university simply because he is not black or any other minority

Question 24

Congressional Union

Answer 24

• Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s
• Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience
• Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment

Question 25

Congressional Union

Answer 25

- Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s - Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience - Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment

Question 26

19th Amendment

Answer 26

Women are allowed to vote too

Question 27

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 27

- Prohibits gender discrimination in employment | - States that sexual harassment is part of gender discrimination

Question 28

The Equal Pay Act

Answer 28

- Required employers to pay women equally as men | - Did not address that male jobs pay more money than female jobs

Question 29

Stonewall incident

Answer 29

Marked the beginning of the movement for gay and lesbian rights

Question 30

Bowers vs Hardwick

Answer 30

made homosexual acts illegal

Question 31

Lawrence vs Texas

Answer 31

Ruled that sodomy laws violated the 14th Amendment

Question 32

Sodomy laws

Answer 32

Laws that defined certain sexual acts as crimes, like homosexuality, bestiality, etc

Question 33

Defense of Marriage Act

Answer 33

Made state governments to ignore homosexual couples and ignore same-sex marriages performed in other states

Question 34

Common law

Answer 34

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs

Question 35

Civil law

Answer 35

the law regulating conduct between private persons over non criminal matters including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions

Question 36

Criminal law

Answer 36

the law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations

Question 37

Majority

Answer 37

he age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs

Question 38

Felony

Answer 38

a serious crime punishable in most jurisdictions buy a prison sentence longer than 1 year