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Chapter 5-8 > Chapter 5-8 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

True or false: is the depth of view shallow which makes the PRF high

A

True

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2
Q

True or False
The depth of view is deep which makes the PRF low

A

True

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3
Q

What is measured in decibels and reported as a relative change, not as an absolute change.

A

Attenuation

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4
Q

Three processes contribute to attenuation

A

Reflection, scattering, absorption

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5
Q

What is directly related to how deep

A

Time-of-flight

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6
Q

If one reflector is twice as deep as another reflector, the pulse’s time-of-flight is _____as long for the deeper reflector.

A) one- half
B) one - quarter
C) twice
D) remains the same

A

C) Twice

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7
Q

If depth of view is swallow what happens to PRP

A) Short
B) Long
C) Remains the same

A

A) Short

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8
Q

If the depth of view is deep what happens to PRP

A) Short
B) remains the same
C) long

A

C) long

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9
Q

T or F: in a given medium, attenuation is unrelated to the speed of sound

A

True, attention and propagation speed are unrelated

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10
Q

Impedance is measured in what units

A

Rayls

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11
Q

Attenuations in the lung tissue is ( less than, greater than, the same as) attenuation in soft tissue.

A

Greater than

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12
Q

The property of certain materials to create a voltage when they are mechanically deformed or when pressure is applied

A

Piezoelectric effect

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13
Q

The reflected sound pulse is converted into electricity

A

Reception

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14
Q

Electrical energy from the system is converted into sound

A

Transmission

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15
Q

If you have more attenuation will the distance be

A) longer
B) shorter

A

A) longer

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16
Q

If you have more attenuation what will happen to the frequency

A) lower
B) higher

A

B) higher

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17
Q

Frequency doubles, Rayleigh scattering is 16 times greater

A

Rayleigh Scattering is proportional to Frequency^4

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18
Q

-10dB means that he intensity is reduced to ____of its original value.

A

One-tenth of

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19
Q

If the sound wave travels farther the greater the ____will get but the weaker the sound beam will get

A

Attenuation

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20
Q

If there is less attenuation what happens to the distance

A) remains the same
B) shorter
C) longer

A

B) shorter distance

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21
Q

If you have more frequency will the attenuation be less together or more together

A

More together, frequency is directly related to attenuation

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22
Q

Sound waves weaken as they propagate in a medium

A

Attenuation

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23
Q

What is the log of 1,000

A) 6 times
B) 2 times
C) 1/2 time
D) 3 times

A

D) 3 times

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24
Q

Attenuation coefficient unit

A

dB/cm

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25
Pulse repetition period ____related to the maximum imaging depth
Directly
26
Decibel notation is
• a relative measurement • a comparison • a ratio • logarithmic
27
Is a common unit for measuring these signals
Decibel (dB)
28
True or False: We need on intensity to calculate decibels
False
29
dB is a mathematical representation with a ____scale
Logarithmic
30
A reduction in the intensity of a sound beam to 1/2 of its original value is ____dB
-3dB
31
Every 3dB change means that the intensity will?
Double
32
Every 10 dB change means that the intensity will
Increase ten times
33
Attenuation is determined by two factors:
•path length •frequency of sound
34
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is____ related to the maximum imaging depth
Inversely
35
A wave reflects off an irregular surface, it radiates in more than one direction
Diffuse Reflection
36
Rank intensities from largest to smallest SPPA I'm SPTP SPTA SATA
SPTP>Im>SPPA>SPTA>SATA
37
All intensities have units of what
W/cm^2
38
What are 3 types of angels
Acute Right Obtuse
39
Angles that measure other then 90°which are know as oblique angles
Acute angle (less than 90°) Obtuse angle (more than 90°)
40
What is a normal incidence
Exactly 90°
41
Another name for normal incidence
Perpendicular Orthogonal Right angle 90°
42
Another name for oblique incidence
Not at a right angle Non perpendicular
43
The way the sound pulse hits the tissue effects the way it ____
Travels
44
Sound waves can hit a boundary which can split into 2 different medias
Redirected backward Continuing forward direction
45
The coefficients IRC and ITC are both reported as
Percentages and dimensionless
46
A sound wave with an intensity of 50 W/cm^2 strikes a boundary and is totally reflected. What is the intensity reflection coefficient? A) 50 W/cm^2 B) 25 W/cm^2 C) 0 W/cm ^2 D) 100% E) 0
D) 100%
47
The maximum imaging dept (depth of view) during an ultrasound exam is 10cm. The sonograher adjusts the imaging depth to 20cm. What happens to the pulse repetition period? A. Unchanged B. Halved C.doubled D.20 times longer
C. Doubled
48
The max imaging depth during an ultrasound exam is 10 cm. The sonograher adjusts the imaging depth to 20 cm. What happens to the pulse repetition frequency? A. Unchanged B. Halved C. Doubled D. 20 times longer
B. Halved
49
A sound wave is created by a transducer, reflects off an object, and returns to the transducer. The imaging depth is 10 cm in soft tissue. What is the maximum pulse repetition. Frequency? A. 7,700 B. 7.7 kHz C. 3,500 Pa D. 7,700 us
B. 7.7kHz
50
A sound wave is created by transducer, reflects off an object, and returns to the transducer. The max imaging depth is 7.7cm. what is the PRF? A. 7,700Hz B. 5,000kHz C. 10,000Hz D. 100us
C. 10,000Hz
51
What is the decreasing order for impedance Matching layer Skin Gel PZT
PZT>matching layer>gel>skin
52
Characteristics of damping material
• high degree of sound absorption • acoustic impedance similar to PZT
53
3 consequences of using backing materials are
1. Decreased sensitivity 2. Wide bandwidth 3. Low quality factor
54
What is a general rule for bandwidth
Long duration events are narrow bandwidth, whereas short duration events are wide bandwidth( broadband)
55
A shorter or longer, dampened pulse has a lower Q-factor.
Shorter
56
A longer, undamped pulse has a lower or higher Q-factor.
Higher
57
Pulse length is directly or inversely related to pulse duration
Directly
58
The sensitivity of transducers that create short duration pulses is likely to be greater than, less than, or equal to that of transducers that create long pulses.
Less than
59
All the following correctly describe an imaging transducer except A. High sensitivity B. Low Q C. Wide bandwidth D. Damped
A. High sensitivity
60
True or false The damping material in a transducer increase the sensitivity
False
61
True or false The damping material in a transducer increases the pulse length
False
62
The damping material in transducer improves the system's longitudinal resolution
True
63
Which of the following crystals will produce sound with the lowest frequency? A. Thin and with a low speed B. Thin and with a high speed C. Thick and with a low speed D. Thick and with a high speed
C. Thick and with a low speed
64
Which type of transducer has a greater Q-factor; therapeutic or imaging?
Therapeutic
65
Which type of transducer has a greater bandwidth: continuous wave or imaging?
Imaging
66
Which type of transducer has more backing material: therapeutic or imaging?
Imaging
67
In an imaging transducer, what is the purpose of attaching the backing material to the PZT? A. Increase the bandwidth B. Decrease the Q-factor C. Improve image quality D. Decrease the transducers sensitivity
C. Improve image quality
68
A pulsed wave transducer has a resonant frequency of 5 MHz. The lowest frequency in the pulse is 2 MHz and the highest is 8 MHz. What is the bandwidth?
6 MHz

Chapter 5-8 (1 decks)

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