Chapter 5

Question 1

what is passive transport

Answer 1

movement of molecules down their concentration gradient, no energy needed

Question 2

what are examples of passive transport

Answer 2

simple, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

Question 3

what is simple diffusion

Answer 3

allows molecules to cross the membrane w/o aid of membrane proteins

Question 4

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 4

allows molecules to cross the membrane with help of membrane proteins (channels/carriers)

Question 5

what is osmosis

Answer 5

diffusion of water down its concentration gradient

Question 6

what are the types of osmosis

Answer 6

isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic

Question 7

isotonic

Answer 7

concentration of solutes and cell are the same

Question 8

hypotonic

Answer 8

higher solute outside, more water inside, water moves out and shell shrivles up

Question 9

hypertonic

Answer 9

higher solute inside and more water outside so water moves in and blows up

Question 10

active transport

Answer 10

movement of molecules up their concentration gradient with help of energy

Question 11

what are the two types of active transport

Answer 11

cotransport (symport) and countertransport (antiport)

Question 12

cotransport (symport)

Answer 12

membrane transport that carries 2 substances in same direction across membrane

Question 13

what is a good example of cotransport

Answer 13

Na+/glucose transporter (uses Na+ gradient established by Na/K pump as a source of energy) to move Na and glucose into the cell

Question 14

countertransport (antiport)

Answer 14

membrane transport that carries one substance in one direction and another in the opposite direction

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

energy using process by which cells import substances from the external medium

Question 16

types of endocytosis

Answer 16

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 17

phagocytosis

Answer 17

ingestion of large particles (microorganisms/cell debris

Question 18

pinocytosis

Answer 18

uptake of fluid and dissolved small molecules

Question 19

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 19

requires the receptor to bring specific molecules into the cell

Question 20

Exocytosis (secretion)

Answer 20

energy using process by which cells export substances to the extracellular environment