chapter 5

Question 1

the ability of the brain to change its anatomy over time, within limits, is known as

Answer 1

plasticity

Question 2

early in development, the nervous system begins as a

Answer 2

tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity

Question 3

the human central nervous system

Answer 3

begins to form when the embryo is about two weeks old

Question 4

as the neural tube sinks under the surface of the skin, the forward end enlarges and differentiates into the

Answer 4

hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

Question 5

When do the ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord form?

Answer 5

early in embryonic development

Question 6

The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:

Answer 6

ventricular system

Question 7

What is the production of new neurons called?

Answer 7

proliferation

Question 8

Stem cells are important for which of the following developmental processes?

Answer 8

proliferation

Question 9

Proliferation occurs:

Answer 9

around the ventricles

Question 10

After cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they:

Answer 10

migrate

Question 11

Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

Answer 11

immunoglobulins, chemokines

Question 12

What term describes the movement of primitive neurons and glia within the developing nervous system?

Answer 12

migration

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely interfere with migration of neurons during development?

Answer 13

altering the chemical paths

Question 14

Migration is the:

Answer 14

movement of primitive neurons and glia

Question 15

Immunoglobulins and chemokines play an important role in neural:

Answer 15

migration

Question 16

Which of the following best characterizes how axons arrive at the correct target cells?

Answer 16

they follow chemical gradients from the target cell

Question 17

Migration requires:

Answer 17

a precise chemical environment

Question 18

Differentiation is the:

Answer 18

formation of dendrites and an axon

Question 19

What is the process called when a primitive neuron begins to develop dendrites and an axon?

Answer 19

differentiation

Question 20

The formation of a neuron’s distinctive shape occurs during the ____ stage of neurogenesis.

Answer 20

differentiation

Question 21

Whether or not a transplanted immature neuron adopts the properties of neurons in the new location or retains at least some properties of neurons from where it was taken from depends largely on how much the transplanted neuron has:

Answer 21

differentiated

Question 22

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, ____ begin to form.

Answer 22

dendrites

Question 23

Myelination is a process common to:

Answer 23

some vertebrate axons

Question 24

For some axons, glial cells produce an insulating sheath that makes rapid transmission possible. What is this process called?

Answer 24

myelination

Question 25

In humans, myelination first occurs in the:

Answer 25

spinal cord

Question 26

Myelination in the human brain:

Answer 26

continues well into the adult years

Question 27

The stages of neurogenesis that occur for the longest duration are:

Answer 27

myelination and synaptogenesis

Question 28

The final stage of neurodevelopment is called:

Answer 28

synaptogenesis

Question 29

The formation of new synapses is called:

Answer 29

synaptogenesis

Question 30

New neurons have been found to grow in all of the following cases, except:

Answer 30

spinal cord of mammals

Question 31

As a rule, all vertebrate neurons develop during an embryological stage. Among the few types of neurons that can develop in adulthood are:

Answer 31

olfactory receptors