Chapter 5 Flashcards Preview

Psychology Research Methods > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is a population?

A

The set of individuals of interest to a researcher. A set of entities concerning which statistical inferences are to be drawn

2
Q

what is a sample?

A

A subset of a population

3
Q

What is the target population?

A

It’s THE POPULATION, the set of individuals who have the characteristics required by the researcher.

4
Q

what is the accessible population?

A

A portion of the target population (population) consisting of individuals who are accessible to be recruited as participants in the study.

5
Q

what is sampling?

A

The variety of ways of selecting individuals to participate in a research study.

6
Q

what is sample representativeness?

A

The extent to which the CHARACTERISTICS of a sample reflect those of the population.

7
Q

what is a representative sample?

A

A sample with the same characteristics as the population

8
Q

What is a biased sample?

A

a sample with different characteristics from those of the population

9
Q

what is selection bias or sampling bias?

A

when participants or subjects are selected in a manner that increases the probability of obtaining a biased sample.

10
Q

What is probability sampling?

what is a random process?

A

The population is known and each individual has a specifiable probability of being selected.

A sampling process that ensures that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.

11
Q

What is non-probability sampling?

A

the population is NOT completely known, individual probabilities cannot be known, and the sampling method is based on factors based on common sense or ease.

12
Q

What sampling technique usually has a biased sample?

A

Non-probability sampling

13
Q

what is simple random sampling (under probability sampling)?

A

a sample is obtained using a random process to select participants from a list containing the total population

14
Q

what is systematic sampling?

A

A sample is obtained by selecting every nth participant from a list containing the total population after a random start

15
Q

what is systematic sampling (under probability sampling)?

A

A sample is obtained by selecting every nth participant from a list containing the total population after a random start

16
Q

What is stratified random (under probability sampling)?

What is proportionate stratified (under probability sampling)?

A

A sample is obtained by dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly selecting equal numbers from each of the subgroups

A sample is obtained by dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then randomly selecting from each startup a number of participants so that the proportions in the sample correspond to the proportions in the population (***sample will be perfectly representative of the population)

17
Q

What is cluster sampling (under probability sampling)?

A

Instead of selecting individuals, a sample is obtained by randomly sleeting clusters (preexisting groups) from a list of all the clusters that exist within the population

18
Q

what is convenience sampling (under NON probability sampling)?

A

A sample is obtained by selecting individual participants who are easy to get (sample is probably biased)

19
Q

what is quota sampling (under NON probability sampling)?

A

A same is obtained by identifying subgroups to be included, then establishing quotas for individuals to be selected through convenience from each subgroup (sample is probably biased)

20
Q

Which type of sampling do experimental psychologists usually use?

A

Non-random sampling (non-probability)