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Pharmacology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sulfonamides function

A

stops growth of bacteria

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2
Q

Sulfonamides are excreted by

A

kidneys

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3
Q

Reasons for use of sulfonamides

A

UTIs, upper respiratory infections

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4
Q

Cause of a UTI

A

presence of E-coli

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5
Q

Side effects/adverse reactions of sulfonamides

A

Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, general malaise, ringing in ears, crystals in urine

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6
Q

Tell patients on sulfonamides to

A

increase fluid intake

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7
Q

Reasons for use of flouroquinolones

A

used for respiratory infection, drug resistant UTI infection, GI infections

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8
Q

Side effects of flouroquinolones

A

disorientation, delirium, memory impairment, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, anxiety

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9
Q

Monitor intake of what while on fluroquinolones

A

caffeine or other stimulant intake

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10
Q

Take fluroquinolones

A

with meals

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11
Q

Avoid what while on fluoroquinolones?

A

dairy

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12
Q

Black box warning of fluoroquinolones

A

cardiac dysrhythmias, joint pain which leads to a tendon rupture

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13
Q

Antitubercular drugs are used for

A

tuberculosis

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14
Q

Side effects/adverse reactions of antitubercular drugs

A

orange colored urine, sweat, and other body fluids, redness and itching of skin in sunlight, pain in upper abdomen, ache in joints, headache

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15
Q

Cause of superinfection

A

over prescription of antibiotics

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16
Q

Penicillin side effects

A

GI issues

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17
Q

Penicillin superinfection

A

yeast infection

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18
Q

Antibiotics lessen the effects of

A

birth control

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19
Q

What route of administration is Z-track used for?

A

IM(intramuscular)

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20
Q

Types of penicillins

A

Amoxicillin(most commonly used), ampicillin, naficillin

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21
Q

Cephlasporins

A

go against gram-positive bacteria, cross-sensitivity if allergic with penicillilns

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22
Q

Drug interactions with cephlasporins

A

antacids, affects absorption

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23
Q

Cephalosporins affect the

A

kidneys

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24
Q

Too much vancomycin can cause

A

hearing loss (ototoxicity)

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25
Corn allergy can be a contraindication for
Vancomycin
26
What population is hypersensitive to antibiotics?
Geriatrics
27
Vancomycin cannot be
crushed
28
Why when drugs are nephrotoxic, they are also ototoxic?
The kidneys and ears have structural and functional similarities
29
Tetracyclines food interactions
dairy
30
Tertracycline superinfection
Thrush
31
Avoid too much of this while taking Tetracycline
sun
32
Tetracycline contraindications
pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and children under 8
33
Take Tetracycline
on an empty stomach
34
Tetracycline affects
bone growth
35
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Erythromycin
36
While taking erythromycin, monitor
liver function
37
Erythromycin treats
STDs and whooping cough
38
Side effects of arythromycin
GI symptoms
39
Major drug interaction with with erythromycin
oral anticoagulants
40
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
41
Reason for taking aminoglycosides
E coli infection, pseudomonas
42
Aminoglycosides affect
kidneys and ears
43
What should you monitor for a patient on aminoglycosides?
BUN, creatinine, urine output
44
Commonly used sulfonamide
Bactrim
45
Tuberculosis affects what parts of the body?
Lungs, joints, bones
46
Contact precautions for TB infected patient?
Put them in a separate room that is negative pressure, wear an N-95 mask
47
Sputums for ASB need to be negative
to be considered no longer contagious
48
At risk populations of tuberculosis
drug users, alcoholics, homeless, immunocompromised
49
Isoniazid (INH)
slows down production of M. tuberculosis
50
Rifampin
do not take with antacids, take on an empty stomach
51
Side effects/adverse reactions to rifampin
orange urine, tears, and sweat (stains contact lenses too)
52
When a patient is taking a TB cocktail, they should avoid
alcohol and acetaminophen
53
Ethabutol has to be taken
with food
54
Contraindication for Ethabutol
history with gout, increases uric acid formation
55
Monitor for patients taking Ethabutol
visual acuity
56
What needs to be practiced before giving a patient a tuberculosis drug cocktail?
medication reconciliation
57
Antifungals
fungi causes a mycotic infection to humans
58
Who are at risk for fungal infections?
children, the elderly, immunocompromised, and patients on corticosteroids
59
Commonly used antifungal
Mycostatin
60
What to monitor for a patient taking antifungals?
liver function

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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