Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

– Cells without a “true” nucleus (no nuclear membrane)
– Bacteria and archaea
What type of cell is it?

Answer 1

PROkaryotic

Question 2

– Cells with a nucleus and other organelles
– All other organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists)
What type of cell is it?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

Diffusion ______ concentration to ______ concentration

Answer 3

High ; Low

Question 4

Define Osmosis

Answer 4

Diffusion of water across selective permeable membranes
low water concentration to high concentration ?

Question 5

creates an internal environment distinct from the extracellular environment
What am I?

Answer 5

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 6

Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan
Is it bacteria or Eukaryote ?

Answer 6

bacteria

Question 7

DNA organized in nucleiod throughout organism
Bacteria or Eukaryote

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

DNA enclosed in nucleus, enclosed by nuclear membrane
Bacteria or Eukaryote

Answer 8

Eukaryote

Question 9

The cell wall is part of the

Answer 9

CELL Envelope

Question 10

moves nutrients against the
concentration gradient
low to high concentration
Uses atp
Passive or active?

Answer 10

ACTIVE Transport

Question 11

moves nutrients with the concentration gradient
high to low concentration
Passive or active ?

Answer 11

Passive

Question 12

Define Coupled Transport

Answer 12

use of energy from one gradient to drive transport up
another gradient

Question 13

What are the two types of coupled transport systems? Define each

Answer 13

Symport: Two molecules travel in same direction across membrane
Antiport: Molecules moving in opposite direction across membrane

Question 14

Another name for peptidoglycan

Answer 14

MUREIN

Question 15

Phylum Firmicutes species, Bacillus Anthracis, Streptococcus Pyogenes as pathogens
Gram Positive or Gram Negative?

Answer 15

Gram POSITIVE

Question 16

Phylum proteobacteria, Escheria Coli species, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa as pathogens
Gram Positive or Gram Negative?

Answer 16

Gram NEGATIVE

Question 17

membranous extensions of cytoplasm that secrete adhesion factors
What am I ? hint related to pili

Answer 17

Stalks

Question 17

crystalline layer of thick subunits consisting of protein or glycoprotein
What am I?

Answer 17

S-Layer

Question 18

Name the three parts of LPS and describe last two

Answer 18

Outer Membrane
Core Polysaccharide
-sugar chains that extend outside the cell
O antigen
-helps resist phagocytosis

Question 18

peptidoglycan + MYOLIC ACID= cell wall of ?

Answer 18

The mycobacterial envelope

Question 19

DNA containing region
What am I?

Answer 19

NUCLEOID

Question 20

short attachment of pili are called?

Answer 20

FIMBRIAE

Question 21

facilitates transfer of DNA
between cells
What am I?

Answer 21

SEX(congergation) pili

Question 22

Chemotaxis is a sensory system that ?

Answer 22

stimulates cell to move towards favorable environments and AWAY repellants/inferior environments

Question 23

What part of the of the Gram NEGative cell holds ATP synthase

Answer 23

Inner membrane (Cell membrane)

Question 24

What intracellular molecules are present in the highest number?

Answer 24

Water molecules

Question 25

How is DNA most commonly arranged inside bacterial cell?

Answer 25

circular molecule with loops by DNA bound proteins

Question 25

What extracellular structure helps bacterial cell attach to substrate

Answer 25

Stalk

Question 26

What is part of the endomembrane system?

Answer 26

Golgi complex Cell membrane Lysosome

Question 27

What structures contributes to the Eukaryotic cytoskeleton

Answer 27

Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediated filaments

Question 28

process by with a pathogen causes disease is called

Answer 28

Pathogenesis

Question 29

_______ are difficult to stain

Answer 29

Acid fast stain

Question 30

________ offers a powerful way to detect specific microbes and subcellular structures while avoiding signals from dust and other nonspecific materials

Answer 30

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 31

condenser contains an opaque central disk that blocks transmitted light, so the field appears dark What is this called?

Answer 31

Dark field microscopy

Question 32

Liquid media allows bacteria to?

Answer 32

Move freely flagella would thrive

Question 33

enhances contrast by superimposing the specimen’s image on a second beam of light that generates an 3d image What is this called?

Answer 33

Interference microscopy

Question 34

Streaking the agar plate causes _______ of the bacteria to allow ________ to grow What is this called?

Answer 34

Dilution(spreading bacteria); bacteria Isolation Streaking

Question 35

What is syrum dilution?

Answer 35

Tenfold dilutions of the original culture are spread on agar plates

Question 36

_______medium that contains only known components.

Answer 36

Synthetic *KNOWN nutrients

Question 37

compliex medium is ______ in nutrients

Answer 37

RICH

Question 38

Very nutritions media to specified to help bacteria that usually dies What is this called

Answer 38

ENRICHED Media

Question 39

grown in a nutrient-rich but less defined What type of medium is this?

Answer 39

Complex medium

Question 40

Selective media will allow for bacteria to ________ and ______

Answer 40

Grow quickly and favor one specific type

Question 41

Differential media growth multiple bacteria

Answer 41

differential media

Question 42

uses light that passes through a liquid(sample) to count bacteria What type go tool is this?

Answer 42

Spectrophotometer

Question 43

one parent cell divides and forms two offspring cells What is this called?

Question 44

Define Lithotrophs

Answer 44

Use of Inorganic Chemical COMpunds

Question 45

Organotrophs

Answer 45

use organic chemical compounds

Question 46

Extremophiles

Answer 46

bacteria, archaea that lives in extreme environments

Question 47

Thermophiles have adapted to growth at _____ temperature, typically 55°C (131°F) and higher.

Answer 47

high

Question 48

Hyperthermophiles grow at temperatures as high as 121°C (250°F), which occur under ________ pressure

Answer 48

extreme

Question 49

Psychrophiles are microbes that grow at _____ temperatures

Answer 49

LOW

Question 50

Hyperthermophile is above

Answer 50

80*C

Question 51

Thermophile is (temp)

Answer 51

50-80 C

Question 52

Mesophile is (temp)

Answer 52

15-45 C

Question 53

Psychrophile is (temp)

Answer 53

BELOW 15 C

Question 54

species of archaea have evolved to require high concentrations of salt (NaCl); these are called

Answer 54

halophiles

Question 55

Describe Strict aerobes

Answer 55

-Require oxygen for energy metabolism -detoxify reactive oxygen species -Survive only WITH oxygen present

Question 56

Describe Strict Anaerobes

Answer 56

- DOES NOT require oxygen for energy metabolism -UNABLE to detoxify Reactive Oxygen Species -Can only survive in enviroment WITHOUT oxygen

Question 57

______ is a mass of bacteria that stick to and multiply on a solid surface

Answer 57

Biofilm

Question 58

Macroaerophiles are ______ but ROS can be ______. They can also survive in environments that are ____ In oxygen

Answer 58

AEROBIC; toxic; LOW

Question 59

Aerotolerant anaerobes are ______, _____ susceptible to ROS, lacks catalase. Prefers aerobic conditions but can survive oxygen

Answer 59

anaerobic ; LESS

Question 60

What is Quorum Sensing

Answer 60

Way in cells communicate and coordinate actions

Question 61

Medium that contains only compounds need to grow a specific organism is called ?

Answer 61

Defined minimal medium