Chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the three levels of Policing that exist in Canada?
Municipal (66%), Provincial (15%), RCMP (6.7%)
What is within the jurisdiction of the RCMP?
Has complete responsibility in all provinces and territories for enforcing federal statutes, carrying out executive orders, and providing security for dignitaries
Why is diversity in Police organizations important?
A police force that reflects the demographics of its community can gain the public’s confidence and dispel any views that the organization is biased
Even with a stress on diversity, what group(s) seems to lack representation?
The number of women has been very low, it wasn’t until 1970 that it was recommended that all police organizations hire and train women
When was the first woman police chief?
The first woman chief of police in Canada was appointed in Guelph, in 1994
What have surveys told us about how Aboriginals feel about Police officers?
They do not feel that the police operate on their behalf or correspond to any aboriginal influence in their communities
How was policing of the First nations peoples in the 80s and 90s?
They were over policed as much of police focus was on members of aboriginal communities
When was the Aboriginal policing services established?
The Amerindian police were established in 1978 in Quebec
What was the goal of the Amerindian Police?
To change the conventional policing approach and become more sensitive to the needs of aboriginal communities
What were some things that the First Nation Policing Policy changed?
- Helped improve social order and personal safety in aboriginal communities
- Supported First Nations in acquiring tools for them to be self-sufficient and self-governing
- Provided a practical way to improve the administration of justice for First Nations
What are the two options for Aboriginal policing under the FNPP?
- Self-administered police service (community has their own separate force)
- Community tripartite Agreements: signed between the government and the governing body of the First nations (RCMP provide police services)
What is the occupational culture of policing based on?
Accepted practices, rules and principles of conduct, and generalized beliefs
What are some aspects of police culture?
- Belief that police are only real crime fighters
- No one else understands the nature of police work
- Loyalty to colleagues counts above everything else
- Members of the public are unsupportive and unreasonably demanding
What is the blue curtain?
The value placed on secrecy and the general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers
What is police cynicism?
Characterized by a rejection of the ideals of justice and truth-values that a police officer is sworn to uphold and protect
Why was Proactive policing introduced?
It was introduced with the intention of rebuilding the principle of policing by consent - engaging in positive measures in order to control crime
What are hot spot patrols?
Idea based on the realization that crime is not a random phenomenon but rather occurs at specific locations at certain times, which accounts for majority of calls for service
How can results of hot spot patrols help policing?
Results of hot spot patrols indicate that police can reduce the target crime, although it is not known whether they actually reduce crime or merely force it into other areas (displacement effect)
What is the broken windows model?
social invisibilities (loitering and public drinking) and physical invisibilities (vacant lots and abandoned buildings) cause residents and workers in a neighbourhood to be fearful of crime.
What are the four components of the Broken Windows model?
Neighbourhood disorder creates fear > Neighbourhoods give out crime-promoting signals > Serious criminals move in > Police need citizen’s cooperation
What is community policing?
Involving community members (businesspeople, residents, and school teachers) as key members in the creation of safe communities
What are the three basic aims of community policing?
- Formation of community partnerships
- Organizational Change
- Problem solving
What is problem-oriented policing?
Instead of spending most of their time responding to citizen’s calls about criminal incidents, the police would become more proactive by directing their energies to the causes of crimes and complaints in an attempt to modify them
What are the four stages of Problem-oriented policing?
- Scanning: Officer identifies issues
- Analysis: Officer collects information about the problem
- Response: Solutions are developed and implemented
- Assessment: Collect information about the effectiveness
