Chapter 5 and 6 Anatomy and Circulatory System

Question 1

The structural composition of the human body

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

The function of the human body.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Means “covering” or “skin”

Answer 3

Integumentary System

Question 4

Composed of all the muscles of the body and is responsible for nearly half the normal weight of the body.

Answer 4

Muscular System

Question 5

Composed of all the bones and joints of the
body, including the cartilage, and ligaments that connect them.

Answer 5

Skeletal System

Question 6

Controls and coordinates activities of the various body systems by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances sent to and received from all parts of the body.

Answer 6

Nervous System

Question 7

The system of organs that is responsible for ingesting, digesting, and absorbing food, and then discharging wastes from these processes from the body.

Answer 7

Digestive System

Question 8

Composed of all the organs in males and
females that work together to produce a new human being.

Answer 8

Reproductive System

Question 9

Composed of glands and hormones that help regulate the metabolic activity of the body.

Answer 9

Endocrine System

Question 10

Composed of all the organs involved in
producing, collecting, and eliminating urine.

Answer 10

Urinary System

Question 11

Consists of the organs and structures that
allow an individual to breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

Answer 11

Respiratory System

Question 12

Are structures composed of tissues that function together for a common purpose.

Answer 12

Organs

Question 13

Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a special function.

Answer 13

Tissues

Question 14

The arrest or stoppage of bleeding

Answer 14

Hemostasis

Question 15

Blood that has been prevented from
clotting.

Answer 15

Whole Blood

Question 16

white blood cells (WBCs), contain nuclei.

Answer 16

Leukocytes

Question 17

often called “segs” because the nucleus of a typical ________________ has several lobes or segments.

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

normally the second-most
numerous type of WBC and the most numerous agranulocyte.

Answer 18

Lymphocytes

Question 19

the largest WBCs.

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

Leukocytes Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils are all apart of what?

Answer 20

White Blood Cells

Question 21

What are Erythrocytes?

Answer 21

Red Blood Cells

Question 22

The most numerous cells in the blood, averaging 4.5 to 5 million per cubic millimeter of blood.

Answer 22

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Question 23

Thrombocytes

Answer 23

Platelets

Question 24

______________means “in front of the elbow.”
______________ means a shallow depression.

Answer 24

Antecubital Fossa (AC)

Question 25

The blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body's cells.

Answer 25

Arteries

Question 26

The blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart.

Answer 26

Veins

Question 27

Located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital area, it is the second-choice vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern. It is often harder to palpate than the median cubital vein but is fairly well anchored and often the only vein that can be palpated in obese patients.

Answer 27

Cephalic Vein

Question 28

A large vein located on the medial aspect (inner side) of the antecubital area, it is the last-choice vein for venipuncture in either venous distribution pattern. It is generally easy to palpate but is not as well anchored and rolls more easily, increasing the possibility of accidental puncture of the median nerve.

Answer 28

Basilic vein

Question 29

Located near the center of the antecubital area, it is the preferred, and thus first choice, vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern. It is typically larger, closer to the surface, better anchored, and more stationary than the others, making it the easiest and least painful to puncture as well as the least likely to bruise.

Answer 29

Median Cubital Vein

Question 30

The thin outer layer of the heart

Answer 30

Epicardium

Question 31

The middle muscle layer of the heart

Answer 31

Myocardium

Question 32

The thin inner layer that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the flaps of the heart valves.

Answer 32

Endocardium

Question 33

Upper right chamber; Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via both the superior (upper) vena cava and inferior (lower) vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle.

Answer 33

Right Atrium

Question 34

Lower right chamber; Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs to be oxygenated.

Answer 34

Right Ventricle

Question 35

Upper left chamber; Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle.

Answer 35

Left Atrium

Question 36

Lower left chamber; Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta; the walls of the left ventricle are nearly three times as thick as those of the right ventricle owing to the force required to pump the blood into the arterial system.

Answer 36

Left Ventricle

Question 37

Serves the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle of the heart to the body cells and then returning to the right atrium of the heart with blood carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism from the cells

Answer 37

Systemic Circulation

Question 38

Tunica Adventitia, Tunica media, Tunica intima

Answer 38

Blood Vessel Structure

Question 39

The outer layer of a blood vessel, made up of connective tissue and thicker in arteries than veins; also called the tunica externa.

Answer 39

Tunica Adventitia

Question 40

The middle layer of a blood vessel, made up of smooth muscle tissue and some elastic fibers and much thicker in arteries than in veins.

Answer 40

Tunica Media

Question 41

The inner layer or lining of a blood vessel; made up of a single layer of endothelial cells, a basement membrane, a connective tissue layer, and an elastic internal membrane; also called the tunica interna.

Answer 41

Tunica Intima

Question 42

Fluid separated from clotted blood.

Answer 42

Serum

Question 43

Fluid separated from blood that has been prevented from clotting.

Answer 43

Plasma

Question 44

Gel-like clumps of blood. When they form in response to a cut or other injury, they stop the bleeding by plugging the injured blood vessel.

Answer 44

Blood Clot

Question 45

The _________ _________ is a network of organs, vessels, ducts, and nodes. Returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream, protects the body by removing microorganisms and impurities, processes lymphocytes, and delivers fats absorbed from the small intestine to the bloodstream.

Answer 45

Lymphatic System

Question 46

__________ __________ extend throughout the entire body, much like blood vessels. Makes up the the Lymphatic System.

Answer 46

Lymph Vessels