Chapter 5 and 6 Test Review

Question 0

Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are inherited and are called

Answer 0

Individual characteristics

Question 1

The sections of a chromosome that code for a trait are called:

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

The ability of a person to taste PTC is due to a dominant allele T. A woman who can taste PTC is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children have the ability to taste PTC, and two do not. What are the parent’s genotypes?

Answer 2

Woman- Tt, man-tt

Question 3

In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant over white hair. If a homozygous black guinea pig was crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig, the F1 offspring probability would be

Answer 3

Black

Question 4

A field of seedless grapes would be an example of what kind of clone?

Answer 4

Artificial clones

Question 5

Human brother and sister twins are an example of

Answer 5

Fraternal twins

Question 6

An organism that can reproduce only asexually must be

Answer 6

Clone

Question 7

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 7

Meiosis, two divisions, mitosis, 1 division

Question 8

When two haploid gametes unite, they form a diploid cell called a/an

Answer 8

A zygote

Question 9

The blood type that is always evidence of a homozygous condition is

Answer 9

Type O

Question 10

The Austrian monk who established the first laws and principles of heredity was

Answer 10

Gregor Mendel

Question 11

The principle of genetics involved when one gene in a pair masks or prevents the expression of the other is called

Answer 11

Dominant over recessive

Question 12

How does asexual reproduction take place?

Answer 12

By budding or fragmentation or spores

Question 13

The phenotypic ratio of the offspring TT, Tt, tt, TT is

Answer 13

3:1, remember phenotype is physical appearance

Question 14

An example of a species characteristic in humans would be

Answer 14

Two eyes, two ears, one nose, a mouth, same hands, thumbs, tongue

Question 15

In humans, free ear lobes are determined by a dominant gene, F, and ear lobes that are attached are determined by a recessive gene, f. A woman with free ear lobes marries a man with attached ear lobes. Their first child has attached ear lobes. Which of the following expresses the mother’s genotype?

Answer 15

Ff

Question 16

Possessing a pair of identical alleles for one trait is the

Answer 16

Homozygous condition

Question 17

If an organism has two different genes for a single trait, the organism is said to be

Answer 17

Monohybrid cross

Question 18

If two parents have the following genotypes for a sex-linked factor, XAY, XaXa,you would expect

Answer 18

All the females to be heterozygous

Question 19

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 19

The forming of the gametes, sperm and egg

Question 20

A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is a

Answer 20

Pedigree

Question 21

A condition in which both alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed is

Answer 21

incomplete dominance

Question 22

What is Sickle cell anemia, who does it affect, and how is it caused?

Answer 22

A hereditary mutation, affects primarily black people, incomplete dominance

Question 23

When dealing with two sets of traits, you would be dealing with a

Answer 23

Dihybrid cross

Question 24

The possible number of different gametes that can be formed from a cell with genotype CcDd is

Answer 24

4, CD, Cd, cD, cd

Question 25

Autosomes are chromosomes that

Answer 25

Are traditionally numbered and are non sex determined

Question 26

A trait carried only on the X sex chromosome is

Answer 26

Sex linked chromosomes

Question 27

In the case of the sex-linked trait red-green colorblindness, which of the following would not possibly have occurred?

Answer 27

It cannot be passed to sons by father

Question 28

A chart that enables one to visualize gene pairings is called a

Answer 28

Punnet square

Question 29

Why are fruit flies a good organism for genetic studies?

Answer 29

``` Abundant offspring Short life span Ease of keeping and handling Noticeable differences Four pairs of chromosomes ```

Question 30

Be able to use Punnett squares to determine genetic outcomes.

Answer 30

Ok, may be correct or incorrect, will be questions

Question 31

Explain and diagram what happens in each phase of mitosis.

Answer 31

Ok, page 106, matching of phases and descriptions

Question 32

Thoroughly explain meiosis.

Answer 32

Ok, page 110, EC, draw exactly and label all parts of meiosis, 6 chromatids

Question 33

What is a lethal gene?

Answer 33

A gene that can kill

Question 34

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 34

Reproduction in which organisms develop from unfertilized ovas, from haploid cells, develops, like bee drone

Question 35

Give examples of haploid organisms.

Answer 35

Gamete

Question 36

When an organism has a complete set of chromosomes beyond the diploid state, the organism is what?

Answer 36

A triploid organism

Question 37

Why are triploids usually sterile?

Answer 37

Chromosomes don't properly line up during meosis

Question 38

The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in an organism is called

Answer 38

Aneuploids

Question 39

What indicates a tetraploid condition?

Answer 39

Four complete sets of chromosomes, 4n

Question 40

What causes Down’s syndrome?

Answer 40

Disjunction, A trisomy of the 21st chromosome

Question 41

An individual with XYY chromosomes received them as a result of what?

Answer 41

Nondisjunction in sperm

Question 42

A person with Down's syndrome has what genetic condition?

Answer 42

Aneuploid condition, extra chromosome

Question 43

The exchange of corresponding segments between homologous chromosomes is called what?

Answer 43

Crossing over

Question 44

What is translocation?

Answer 44

When two non homologous chromosomes exchange genetic info during meiosis

Question 45

Genes that exert influence only in the presence of certain sex hormones are said to be what?

Answer 45

Sex limited traits

Question 46

A gene mutation can involve what factors?

Answer 46

Change in sequence of chromosome base, number of chromosome, etc

Question 47

A gene mutation can result in what problems?

Answer 47

DNA bases out of sequence, it's been altered

Question 48

A change in a characteristic can be passed on naturally to future generations only when it is in the form of what?

Answer 48

A germ (seed or ova or sperm or egg) mutation

Question 49

All the genes present in a given population are called what?

Answer 49

A gene pool

Question 50

What are variations in species?

Answer 50

Naturally differences between organisms in same gene pool, size, shape, etc

Question 51

Hybridization often results in what?

Answer 51

Heterosis

Question 52

What are the methods of genetic screening?

Answer 52

Analysis of pedigrees, analysis of unborn children, analysis of newborn

Question 53

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 53

Taking two pieces of DNA from diff sources and combining them

Question 54

Recombinant DNA has been used to form what?

Answer 54

Insulin producing organism

Question 55

Since the mule has two complete genomes (one from a donkey and one from a horse), it can be called what?

Answer 55

Epoloidy

Question 56

What is eugenics?

Answer 56

A term or belief attempting to improve the human gene pool by only allowing/encouraging superior good gened people to reproduce

Question 57

When human ova are removed from a woman's body and fertilized in the laboratory, they must be implanted in a woman's womb within what time frame?

Answer 57

Indefinite time frame, can be frozen