Chapter 5- Body, Brain and Health

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

consist of a group of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

Endocrine Glands

Answer 2

A type of gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
• Play critical roles and stimulating growth and regulating bodily functions

Question 3

Pituitary Gland

Answer 3

“master gland” at the base of the brain that regulates other glands and produces growth hormones
• controlled by the hypothalamus
• The blood brain barrier is weak here so that the pituitary gland can secrete foremost directly into the bloodstream

Question 4

Growth Hormone

Answer 4

hormone that stimulates childhood physical growth in the adolescent growth spurt
• growth hormone therapy (small children and athletic performance )

Question 5

Thyroid Gland

Answer 5

plays a key role in physical growth and development and development of nervous system
• hyperthyroidism
• hypothyroidism

Question 6

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

too much of the thyroid hormone is secreted

Question 7

Hypothyroidism

Answer 7

too little of thyroid hormone is secreted

Question 8

T/F???

Endocrine system is important early in development

Answer 8

True

Question 9

A male fetus will not develop male reproductive organs unless:

Answer 9

1. the SRY gene on his Y chromosome triggers the development of the testes
2. The testes secrete the most important of the male sex hormones, testosterone

Question 10

T/F???

Sex hormones become important again during adolescence

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Androgens

Answer 11

male hormone that helps trigger the adolescent growth spurt, development of the male sex organs, secondary sex characteristics

Question 12

T/F???

The ovaries produce large quantities of the primary female homeruns estrogen and progesterone

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Estrogen

Answer 13

female hormone responsible for the development of the breasts, female sex organs, and secondary sex characteristics

Question 14

T/F???

estrogen increases dramatically at puberty, stimulating the production of growth hormone and the adolescent growth spurt

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

pregnancy hormone

Question 16

What secretes androgen-like hormones that contribute to the maturation of the bones and muscles in both sexes

Answer 16

Adrenal Glands

Question 17

Human Nervous system comprises of two kinds of cells:

Answer 17

Neurons and Gila

Question 18

Neurons

Answer 18

cells that receive info and transmit it to other cells

Question 19

Gila

Answer 19

Serve many functions

Question 20

T/F???

The human brain contains 100 billion neurons

Answer 20

True
• 100 billion neurons with 7,000 connection each
• 10 quadrillion connections

Question 21

Axons

Answer 21

transmit signals toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle

Question 22

Dendrites

Answer 22

neuron fibers that receive signals from the axons or other neurons

Question 23

Insulating material that contains interruptions in the sheath known as NODES OF RANVIER

Answer 23

Myelin Sheath

Question 24

The axon of one neuron makes a connection with another neuron at a tiny gap called

Answer 24

synapse

Question 25

T/F??? | Myelin ensures that the signal CANT escape or the channels CANT leak and makes the AP go faster

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Myelin

Answer 26

whitish fatty substance that raps around some axons and speeds up action potential