Chapter 5, Carbonyl Groups (Carboxylic Acids and Esters)

Question 1

What is a carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

A weak acid that can liberate C02 from carbonates

They have all the typical reactions with metals to produce salt+water

Question 2

Higher the Ka value…

Answer 2

…the greater the dissociation of the acid adn the greater the strength

Question 3

Carboxylic acid reacts with___ in the presence of ___ to produce___

Answer 3

Alcohols
A strong acid catalyst
An ester

Question 4

The distinctive property of an ester is?

Answer 4

It is sweet smelling

Question 5

Methylethanoate is produced from?

Answer 5

Methanol + Ethanoic Acid

Question 6

What is an example of a strong acid catalyst?

Answer 6

H2SO4

Question 7

What are the uses of esters?

Answer 7

Solvents, Plasticisers, Perfumes, Food Flavourings

Question 8

What are the 2 types of hydrolysis or esters?

Answer 8

Acid hydrolysis

Alkaline hydrolysis

Question 9

What does acid hydrolysis produce?

Answer 9

The acid + the alcohol

Question 10

What does alkaline hydrolysis produce?

Answer 10

Salt of the acid + the alcohol

Question 11

E.G acid hydrolysis of ethylmethanoate…

Answer 11

CH2COOH + H2O= HCOOH + C2H5OH

Question 12

What are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids called?

Answer 12

Triglycerides

Question 13

What are triglyceride’s formed from?

Answer 13

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 14

What are triglyceride hydrolysed by?

Answer 14

NaOH

Question 15

What are the key properties of glycerol?

Answer 15

It has 3 O-H groups
therefore has a high affinity for water
Exhibits extensive hydrogen bonding

Question 16

What is glycerol used for?

Answer 16

It is added to food to prevent them from drying out

Question 17

What is biodiesel formed from?

Answer 17

A mixure of methyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids

Question 18

How are the materials for biodiesel formed?

Answer 18

Transesterification

Question 19

What is transesterification?

Answer 19

It is the reaction of an alcohol and an ester to produce a different ester and alcohol

Question 20

Where are the materials for biodiesel obtained?

Answer 20

Vegetable oils

Question 21

How are vegetable oils converted into biodiesel?

Answer 21

By reaction with methanol, in the presence of a acid-based catalyst.

Question 22

How can biodiesel be used?

Answer 22

It can be used alone or mixed with petrol diesel.

Question 23

What are the pros of using biodiesel?

Answer 23

Using less fossil fuels

Using renewable sources

Question 24

What are the cons of using biodiesel?

Answer 24

Uses up land space which could be used for food

Relatively new process