Chapter 5 Carbs, Lipids, Protein

Question 1

Monomers

Answer 1

The smaller subunits that serve as building blocks

Question 2

Polymers

Answer 2

The long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks (starch)

Question 3

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 3

Removal of water to form polymers

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Addition of water to break up a polymer

Question 5

What do carbs do for the body?

Answer 5

They are an important energy source for cells

Question 6

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Monomers for sugars (same number of C & O, double H)

Question 7

Disaccharides

Answer 7

2 sugars linked by glycosidic covalent bond (Lactose, Sucrose)

Question 8

Polysaccharide

Answer 8

many sugars (100’s-1000’s) linked by glycosidic bonds

Question 9

What are the types of glycosidic bonds?

Answer 9

Alpha & Beta

Question 10

What are glycosidic bonds?

Answer 10

They are covalent and polar bonds that occur between sugars

Question 11

Where can glycosidic bonds form?

Answer 11

B/tw any two hydroxyl groups

Question 12

How do plants store sugar?

Answer 12

As starch

Question 13

What is starch?

Answer 13

A Storage polysaccharide in plants

Question 14

What are starches composed of ?

Answer 14

a-glucose monomers

Question 15

What is glyogen?

Answer 15

A Storage polysaccharide for animals

Question 16

How do animals store sugar

Answer 16

as glycogen

Question 17

What is glycogen?

Answer 17

A Storage polysaccharide for animals

Question 18

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 18

Liver and muscle cells

Question 19

How can glycogen be used for energy?

Answer 19

By breaking it down to glucose monomers

Question 20

When is glycogen released?

Answer 20

When there is low-blood sugar

Question 21

What is glycogen made of

Answer 21

a-glucose

Question 22

What is cellulose?

Answer 22

A structural polysaccharide in plants

Question 23

What does cellulose do for plants?

Answer 23

forms a protective layer around plant cells called cell wall

Question 24

How can herbivores digest cellulose?

Answer 24

having a symbiotic relationship w/ microbes & bacteria in digestive system

Question 25

What is cellulose composed of ?

Answer 25

B-glucose

Question 26

What is chitins?

Answer 26

Structural polysaccharides in Fungi and Animals

Question 27

Where is chitins located?

Answer 27

Cells Walls of fungi and exoskeletons of insects & crustaceans

Question 28

What are lipids?

Answer 28

large macromolecules that don't form true polymers & hydrophobic

Question 29

What are the 4 types of lipids

Answer 29

Phosholipids, fats , steriods, waxes

Question 30

What are the types of fats

Answer 30

Saturated, Unsaturated, and Trans Fat

Question 31

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 31

Unsaturated fat has a double C bond

Question 32

What does the double C bond do to unsaturated fats

Answer 32

It gives it more space/energy, so it becomes liquid at room temp. instead of solid like saturated

Question 33

What is the basic structure of a fat

Answer 33

1 glycerol, 3 carboxly groups, and 3 fatty acids

Question 34

How do the glycerol and fatty acid connect

Answer 34

Dehydration synthesis

Question 35

Are most animal fats saturated or unsaturated ?

Answer 35

Saturated

Question 36

Are plant and fish fats usually saturated or unsaturated ?

Answer 36

Unsaturated

Question 37

What are trans fats?

Answer 37

hydrogenated unsaturated fat, converted from original

Question 38

What are made up of phospholipids?

Answer 38

Cell Membrane

Question 39

Amphipathic

Answer 39

having both polar and nonpolar parts

Question 40

What parts of phospholipids are polar & nonpolar

Answer 40

Tail: Nonpolar End: Polar

Question 41

What parts of phospholipids are polar & nonpolar

Answer 41

Tail: Nonpolar End: Polar

Question 42

How are steroids characterized?

Answer 42

a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 carbon rings, 3 rings & house

Question 43

How is cholesterol an important steroid?

Answer 43

it a big component in animal cell membranes

Question 44

What do waxes do?

Answer 44

Waxes are lipids that prevent water loss in fruit & provides a protective barrier for organisims

Question 45

List the types of proteins

Answer 45

enzymes, trasports, storage, contractile, protection/defense, hormones, structural, and toxins

Question 46

What are proteins?

Answer 46

polymers of amino acid monomers

Question 47

what is the purpose of a protein?

Answer 47

To break down starch bonds to get the energy starch provides

Question 48

How many amino acids are there

Answer 48

20

Question 49

How are amino acids connected?

Answer 49

peptide bonds

Question 50

What do amino acids consists of ?

Answer 50

A centralized C, and R-group, Carboxyl group, and Amino group

Question 51

Types of protein shapes

Answer 51

linear, "saddle, donut, and globular shape

Question 52

Denaturation

Answer 52

loss of 3D shape

Question 53

Levels of Proteins

Answer 53

Primary: unique sequence of amino acid due to genetic info Secondary: result H-bonding within chain, Coils & Folds, Alpha Helix & Pleated Shets due to H-bonding Tertiary: the overall shape of a protein Quartenary: the overall protein structure resulting from connectiond w/ several protein units

Question 54

What can cause denaturation?

Answer 54

Change in pH & Temp.