Chapter 5 - Cell Transport

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Movement of small molecules straight through the membrane from an area oh higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Movement of specific large molecules across cell membranes through proteins channels from high to low

Question 4

Active transport

Answer 4

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference (low to high)

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Diffusion of water through a membrane

Question 6

Passive transport

Answer 6

Process, such as osmosis and diffusion, that do not require energy from the cell and move from high concentration to low concentration

Question 7

Exocytosis

Answer 7

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material with a vesicle (package)

Question 8

Doctors

Answer 8

Process by which a cell takes IN large amounts of material with a vesicle (package)

Question 9

Hypotonic

Answer 9

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution, when water enter a cell

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution, when water leaves a cell

Question 11

Isotonic

Answer 11

When the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 12

Solute

Answer 12

A substance that is dissolves in a solution

Question 13

Solution

Answer 13

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another

Question 14

Solvent

Answer 14

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Question 15

Phospholipids

Answer 15

Makes up a cell membrane - has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Question 16

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 16

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up cell and organelle membranes

Question 17

Protein channels

Answer 17

Protein channels proteins in the membrane whose role it is to pass molecule that cannot go through the membrane

Question 18

Cell membrane

Answer 18

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

Question 19

Positive feedback

Answer 19

Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output

Question 20

Negative feedback

Answer 20

A mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus

Question 21

Semi-permeable membrane

Answer 21

A membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not other

Question 22

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 22

A carrier protein that uses atp to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Question 23

Concentration gradient

Answer 23

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance

Question 24

Solute

Answer 24

Material that can move across a membrane

Question 25

Membrane proteins

Answer 25

Embedded proteins that perform specific function for the cell membrane