CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL CHANGES Flashcards
(18 cards)
Fizzing of lithium,sodium,pottasium,calcium,magneisum,zinc,iron and copper with water
Lithium-fizzing
Sodium- vigorous fizzing
Pottasium-violent fizzing
Calcium-slow fizzing
Magnesium-a few bubbles
Zinc,iron,copper- no reaction
Lighted splint pops and Fizzing of magnesium,zinc,iron and copper with acids
Magnesium - fast fizzing and pop
Zinc - slow fizzinf and no pop
Iron - a few bubbles and no pop
Copper - nothing and no pop
What is a displacement reaction
A more reactive metal displacing a less reactive netal from its aqueous solution
What is oxidation
The loss of electrons
What is reduction
The gain of electrons
Order of elements that are found native in reactivity series lowest to highest
Platnium,gold,silver,copper,hydrogen
Order of elements that are extracted from ores by reaction with carbon in reactivity series lowest to highest
Lead,tin,iron,zinc,(carbon,aluminium
Order of elements that are extracted by electroylysis in reactivity series lowest to highest
Magnesium,calcium,sodium,pottasium
Naming when you make salts
Acids
Bases
Alkali
Carbonate
Acids - ends with acid
Bases - ends with oxide(usually insolubale)
Alklai - ends with hydroxide (usually soluble)
Carbonate - end with carbinate
Making salts simple equations names
AA-WS
BA-WS
CA-WCS
MA-SH
Alkali + acid - water + salt
Base + acid - water + salt
Carbon + acid - water + carbon + salt
Metal + acid - salt + hydrogen
Universal indicator
Substance(weak or strong + type) + colour + pH number
(5 examples) with HCl vinegar water NaHCl2 NaOH
(Strong acid)HCl - red - 1
(Weak acid)Vinegar - orange 3
(Neutral) - water - light green - 7
(Weak alkali)NaHCl2 - dark green - 9
(Strong alkali)NaOH - dark blue - 12
What’s the ph scale
The pH scale tells you how acidic or alkaline a solution is
How can the pH of a solution be measured
pH meter or universal indicator
3 example of strong acid
1-contains hydrogen
2- contains nitrogen
3- contains sulfur
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acis
3 examples of weak acids
1-found in vinegar
2-found in citrus acids
3-found in fizzy drinks
Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid
Strong and weak acids and if they ionise
Strong acids ionise completely as more h+ ions in soloution
Weak acids partially ionise as less h+ ions in soloution and reaction is reversable
Makimg a copper salt method
1-Using a measuring cylinder, measure 20 cm3 of sulfruic acid into the beaker.
2-Stand the beaker on a tripod and gauze and warm gently until it is almost boiling. Turn off the Bunsen burner.
3-Add half a spatula of copper(II) carbonate powder into the acid and stir using the glass rod
4-Continue adding the copper(II) carbonate until no more dissolves. When the copper(II) carbonate
disappears the solution is clear blue.
5-Allow the apparatus to cool completely and then filter the mixture and discard the residue
6-Pour the filtrate into an evaporating basin. Evaporate this gently using a water bath (250cm3 beaker with boiling water) on the tripod and gauze (see diagram). Stop heating once crystals start to form.
7-Remove the evaporating basin from the heat and leave to crystallise.
8-Record what you observed when:
• Copper(II) carbona was first added to the acid.
• Excess copper(II) carbonate was added.
• The salt was left to crystallise.
Conclusion of making a copper salt RP
Copper(II) carbonate was first added to the acid-
Colour changed to blue with fizzing and bubbiling
Excess copper(II) carbonate was added-
Stopped disolving so then undissolved solid bits floating at bottom
The salt was left to crystallise-
Blue rhombic(diamond shape) crystals of copper(II) sulfate
