CHAPTER 5: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
provides a matrix that supports and physically
connects other tissues and cells together to form the
organs of the body
A
Connective Tissue
2
Q
major constituent is the extracellular matrix (ECM)
which consist of protein fibers and ground
substance
A
Connective Tissue
3
Q
originate from embryonic mesenchyme,
o Structure components consist of: Cells, Fibers,
Ground substance
A
Connective Tissue
4
Q
What are the major constituent of connective tissue?
A
extracellular matrix (ECM)
5
Q
Connective tissue structure components?
A
: Cells, Fibers,
Ground substance
6
Q
a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of the embryo
A
Mesenchyme
7
Q
the most common cells in connective tissue proper
A
Fibroblast
8
Q
produce and maintain most of the tissue’s
extracellular components
A
- Fibroblast
9
Q
the key cells in connective tissue proper
A
- Fibroblast
10
Q
originate locally from mesenchymal cells and are
permanent residents of connective tissue.
A
- Fibroblast
11
Q
Synthesize and secrete collagen
A
Fibroblast
12
Q
What are the type cells that is found from hematopoietic stem cells?
A
macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells
13
Q
“fibroblast”
o abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm,
A
Active Fibroblast
14
Q
Ovoid nucleus, large and pale staining w/ fine
chromatin
o Larger cell
o Euchromatic nucleus
A
Active Fibroblast
15
Q
“fibrocyte”
o smaller than the active fibroblast
A
Quiescent Cell
16
Q
acidophilic cytoplasm
o a darker, elongated, more heterochromatic nucleus
o smaller spindle shape
A
Quiescent Cell
17
Q
Active Chromatin
* Pale Stain
A
EUCHROMATIN
18
Q
Inactive Chromatin
* Darker Stain
A
HETEROCHROMATIN
19
Q
Give the growth factors list
A
A family of protein
o Targets fibroblast
o influence cell growth and differentiation
20
Q
involved in wound healing
o have a well-developed contractile function
and are enriched with a form of actin also
found in smooth muscle cells.
A
Myofibroblast
21
Q
Also from Mesenchymal
o “fat cell”
o found in the connective tissue of many organs
A
- Adipocyte
22
Q
specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.
A
Adipocyte
23
Q
Nucleus pushed to the side
o White and Brown adipocyte
A
Adipocyte
24
Q
Tissue with a large population of
adipocytes
o serves to cushion and insulate the
skin and other organs
A
Adipose Connective Tissue
25
have highly developed phagocytic ability and
specialize in turnover of protein fibers and removal
of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, or other particulate
material, being especially abundant at sites of
inflammation.
* Macrophages
26
Derived from Monocyte
o Also called “Histiocyte”
Macrophages
27
Perform phagocytosis
o Many Lysosomes, over developed golgi
o Irregular edge or protrusions
o Distinct nucleus
Macrophages
28
Another name for macrophages?
Histiocyte
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MAJOR LOCATION: MONOCYTE
BLOOD
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MAJOR LOCATION: MACROPHAGE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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MAJOR LOCATION: KUPFFER CELL
LIVER (PERISINUSOIDAL)
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MAJOR LOCATION: OSTEOCLAST
BONE
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MAJOR LOCATION: MICROGLIAL CELL
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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MAJOR LOCATION: LANGERHANS CELL
EPIDERMIS OF SKIN
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MAJOR LOCATION: DENDRITIC CELL
LYMPH NODES
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MAJOR LOCATION: MULTINUCLEAR GIANT CELL
CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
37
are large oval or irregularly shaped cells of
connective tissue
Mast Cell
38
Blue color due to many basophilic granules which
contains heparin
Mast Cell
39
Function for inflammatory and tissue repair
o Release bioactive substances
Mast Cell
40
What type cell does undergo metachromasia?
Mast Cell
41
means that they can change the color of some basic
dyes from blue to purple or red.
metachromasia
42
a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant
Heparin
43
promotes increased vascular permeability and
smooth muscle contraction
Histamine
44
which activate various mediators of inflammation
Serine proteases
45
attract leukocytes
Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors
46
Are polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes
and other cells of the immune system
Cytokine
47
are converted to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
other important lipid mediators of the inflammatory
response.
Phospholipid precursors
48
mast cells that are especially numerous near the
small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries
Perivascular Mast Cell
49
Mast cells in the tissue that lines digestive and
respiratory tracts
Mucosal Mast Cell
50
Also known as allergic reaction which is inhibited
after the release of certain chemical mediators
stored in mast cells
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
51
Derived from Lymphocyte
Plasma Cells
52
large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm
Plasma Cells
53
pale nucleus, spherical and eccentric
Plasma Cells
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clock face nucleus appearance
o nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin
region
o 10-20 days life span
o Responsible in secreting antibodies
Plasma Cells
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nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin
region
Plasma Cells
56
White Blood Cells
o comprise a population of wandering cells in
connective tissue.
Leukocytes
57
Migrate from blood vessels via diapedesis
o They function in connective tissue, don’t return to
blood and then undergo apoptosis
* Leukocytes
58
o Found between endothelial cell
o Abundant in connective tissue of digestive tract
* Leukocytes
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elongated structures formed from proteins that
polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts
Fibers
60
3 main types: collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.
Fibers
61
formed by proteins of the
collagen family
Collagen & reticular fibers
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- composed mainly of the protein
elastin
Elastic fibers
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o Most abundant fibers
Collagen
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constitute a family of proteins selected during
evolution for their ability to form various extracellular
fibers, sheets, and networks,
Collagen
65
extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing
and tearing forces.
Collagen
66
key element of all connective tissues, as well as
epithelial basement membranes and the external
laminae of muscle and nerve cells.
Collagen
67
major product of fibroblasts
o family of 28 collagens
o 4 Groups: fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring
fibril, network forming
Collagen
68
What are the 4 groups of COLLAGEN?
Fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring
fibril, network forming
69
Type I, II, III, V, XI
o Forms structure as tendons, organs, capsules and
dermis
Fibril-Forming Collagen
70
Fibril-Forming Collagen TYPES?
Type I, II, III, V, XI
71
o Type IX, XIII, XIV
o Bind the surface of collagen fibrils to the
components of ECM
Fibril Associated
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Fibril Associated TYPES?
Type IX, XIII, XIV
73
Type VII, IX, XII, XIX
o Bind Basal Lamina
Anchoring Fibril
74
Anchoring Fibril TYPES?
Type VII, IX, XII, XIX
75
o Type X, IV
o Assemble in meshwork
o Constitutes a major structural component of basal
lamina
Network Forming
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Network Forming TYPES?
Type X, IV
77
o Most abundant type of collagen and widely distributed
Type I
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specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.
Type I
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Very thin
o Found associated with hematopoietic tissue (blood
forming cells)
o They are argyrophilic
Type I
80
thinner than the type I collagen fibers and form
sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles
in many organs
o seen in walls of blood vessels
* Elastin Fibers
81
has elastin that can bend or stretch fibers
o ability to stretch but not elasticity
* Elastin Fibers
82
have rubberlike properties that allow tissue
containing these fibers, such as the stroma of the
lungs, to be stretched or distended and return to
their original shape
* Elastin Fibers
83
Produces fibrilin
* Elastin Fibers
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o occurs as fenestrated sheets
elastic
lamellae
85
Has 3 classes : GAGs, :Proteoglycans, Multi
adhesive glycoprotein
o Transparent and rich in water
o Act as both lubricant and barrier
o allows diffusion of small molecules
* Ground Substances
86
Glycosaminoglycans
o also called mucopolysaccharides (sugar)
o long polymers of repeating disaccharide units,
usually a hexosamine and uronic acid.
GAGs
87
- also known as hyaluronic acid
are the largest GAG located and synthesized
in golgi
Hyaluronan
88
ycans
o Composed of proteins and sugars
o have attached GAGs that often comprise a greater
mass than the polypeptide core
o Has 4 main GAGs: dermatan sulfate, chondroitin
sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate
o Synthesized in RER
Proteoglycans
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- key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.
Perlecan-
90
very large, having a core protein heavily
bound with chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains
Aggrecan
91
Have more proteins than sugar
o have multiple binding sites (multiadhesive) for cell
surface integrins and for other matrix
macromolecules
➢ Multiadhesive glycoprotein
92
with binding sites for integrins, type IV
collagen and providing adhesion for epithelial and
other cells providing adhesion for epithelial and
other cells
Laminin
93
a 235-270 kDa dimer synthesized
largely by fibroblasts, with binding sites for collagens
and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillar
networks throughout connective tissue
Fibronectin
94
caused by the
pumping action of the heart, which forces water out
across the capillary wall
Hydrostatic pressure
95
produced by plasma
proteins such as albumin, which draws water back
into the capillaries
Colloid osmotic pressure
96
Function as structural (bone), Transportation
(blood, lymph), Protection (cartilage and bone),
storage of energy (adipose), protection from
microorganism (diff. type of cells)
o Has 5 classifications: Connective tissue proper,
fluid, support, embryonic, adipose
Connective Tissue
97
broadly classified as “loose” or “dense” (according to
arrangement of collagen present/)
Connective Tissue Proper
98
Also called areolar tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
99
Thick layer (lamina propria) forming a layer
beneath the epithelial lining of many
organs and filling the spaces between
fibers of muscle and nerve
- contains cells, fibers, and ground
substance in roughly equal parts
- delicate consistency, flexible and not very
resistant to stress.
- Equally, randomed cells (fibroblast), fiber
(collagen), and ground substance
Loose Connective Tissue
100
has similar components as loose
connective tissue, but with fewer cells,
mostly fibroblasts, and a clear
predominance of bundled type I collagen
fibers over ground substance
- protects organs and strengthens them
structurally.
- Tight or close arrangement
Dense Connective Tissue
101
bundles of collagen fibers appear
randomly interwoven
- no definite orientation.
- Provides resistance to stress from all
directions.
- Example include the deep dermis layer of
skin and capsules surrounding most
organs
Dense irregular connective tissue
102
consists mostly of type I collagen bundles
and fibroblasts aligned in parallel
- great resistance to prolonged or repeated
stresses from the same direction
- examples tendons (are the very strong
and flexible which connects muscles to
bones), aponeuroses (which are sheetlike
tendons); and ligaments,( bands or
sheets that hold together components of
the skeletal system.)
Dense regular connective tissue
103
(are the very strong
and flexible which connects muscles to
bones)
TENDONS
104
(which are sheetlike
tendons
aponeuroses
105
bands or
sheets that hold together components of
the skeletal system
ligaments
106
characterized by abundant fibers of type III collagen
known as reticulin which supports various types of
cells.
o their loose disposition provides a framework with
specialized microenvironments for cells in
hemopoietic tissue and some lymphoid organs
Reticular Tissue
107
Mucus connective tissue
o Embryonic type
o also known as Wharton’s Jelly
o principal component of the fetal umbilical cord
o gelatinous, with sparse collagen fibers and scattered
fibroblasts
o similar to the tissue found in the vitreous chambers
of eyes and pulp cavities of young teeth.
Mucoid Tissue
108
