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General Psychology > Chapter 5: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Consciousness Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

consciousness

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and mind

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

How things seem to the conscious person

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3
Q

problem of other minds

A

Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

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4
Q

How do we judge minds?

A

Capacity for experience and then capacity for agency (what makes us human)

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5
Q

mind-body problem

A

issue of how the end is related to the brain and the body

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6
Q

Your brain starts to activate before you think or do something. T/F

A

True

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7
Q

Properties of Consciousness

A

Intentionality-directed towards an object
Unity-integrate all 5 sense together
selectivity- include some objects but not others (cocktail party phenomena)
transcience- tendency to change

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8
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

Minimal- something registers in the mind, but you don’t think of it.
Full- you know and are able to report on your mental state.
self-consciousness- person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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9
Q

daydreaming

A

purposeless flow of thoughts comes to mind.

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10
Q

default network

A

Widespread pattern of activation in many areas of the brain.

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11
Q

Mental control

A

attempt to change conscious state of mind.

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12
Q

thought suppression

A

conscious avoidance of a thought

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13
Q

rebound effect of thought suppression

A

tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

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14
Q

ironic processes of mental control

A

ironic errors occur because mental process that monitor for error can itself produce it.

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15
Q

Dynamic unconsciousness
Whose created it?

A

person’s deepest instincts and desires, person’s inner struggle to control these.
Freud.

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16
Q

Repression

A

mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.

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17
Q

Cognitive unconsciousness

A

All mental processes that give rise to a persons thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.

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18
Q

dual process theory

A

one fast, automatic system and another dedicated to slow, effortful processing.

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19
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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20
Q

Altered state of consciousness: sleep
1. Presleep consciousness
2. postsleep consciousness

A
  1. hypnagogic state
  2. hypnopompic state
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21
Q

Sleep cycle
1. circadian rhythm
2. Wakeful waves
3. first stage of sleep
4. second stage of sleep
5. stages 3+4
6. 5th stage (REM)

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A
  1. a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle
  2. Alpha and beta waves
  3. theta waves
  4. sleep spindles and k complexes
  5. delta waves
  6. Sawtooth waves like beta waves, like you’re awake.
22
Q

Sleep needs and deprivation
1. Lack of REM sleep
2. lack slow-wave sleep (3+4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. memory problems and aggression
  2. physical effects
23
Q

Insomnia
What causes it?

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A

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
Lifestyle choices, depression, anxiety

24
Q

Sleep apnea
What causes it?

Study These Flashcards
A

a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
obstruction of breathing passageway

25
Somnambulism What causes it?
a person arises and walks around while asleep. Peaks between 4-8 years. Happens during slow-wave sleep
26
Narcolepsy What causes it?
a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities. genetic basis. Medications.
27
Sleep paralysis
experience of waling up unable to move.
28
Night terrors
abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal.
29
Dream characteristics
emotion thought is illogical sensation is fully formed and meaningful uncritical acceptance difficulty remembering
30
Freud dream opinion?
they're meant to be obscure and confusing.
31
Activation-Synthesis model
dreams are produced to try and make sense of random neural activity
32
Amygdala shows heightened activity during REM sleep. T/F
True
33
Why don't we move when we dream?
The motor cortex is activated, but spinal neurons running through the brainstem inhibit the expression of this motor activity.
34
Psychoactive drugs
Chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemicals message system
35
Drug use is initially positive reinforcement. T/F
True
36
Why do people continue to do drugs?
They don't want to suffer the negative consequences, it has turned into negative reinforcement.
37
How do people reduce or eliminate withdrawal symptoms?
Drug tolerance (larger drug dose are required to achieve the same effect. Physical dependence and psychological dependence.
38
Depressants
Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
39
Alcohol- "King of Depressants" Why does it affect us the way It does?
Alcohol increases the activity of GABA Expectancy theory: effects are produced by people'e expectations. Alcohol Myopia: it affects attention, so people respond in simple ways to complex situations.
40
Different Depressants
Barbiturates: Seconal and Nembutal are sleep aids and anesthetics. Benzodiazepines: Valium and Xanax are tranquilizers and anti-anxiety drugs. Toxic Inhalants: drunkness
41
Stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal, and activity levels. They increase norepinephrines and dopamine.
42
Different Stimulants
Amphetamines: methedrine and dexedrine are diet drugs Ecstasy: empathy Cocaine: Medication Nicotine
43
Different Narcotics
Opium: demerol and oxycontin.
44
Narcotics
Highly addictive drugs that relieve pain by mimicking endorphins.
45
Hallucinogens
alter sensations and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.
46
Different Hallucinogens
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP, and Ketamine
47
Marijuana
a plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called THC. It mimics the neurotransmitter anandamide.
48
Gateway drug
A drug whose use increases the risk of using more dangerous drugs.
49
Hypnosis
social interactions in which one person makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person's experience of the world.
50
Posthypnotic amnesia
Failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.
51
Hypnotic analgesia
reduction of pain through hypnosis

General Psychology (8 decks)

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