Chapter -5 Conservation of Plants and Animals (BOOK)

Question 1

Name 2 Sanctuaries

Answer 1

Bharatpur sanctuary
Lockchao Wildlife Sanctuary

Question 2

Name 1 national park

Answer 2

Kaziranga national park

Question 3

Name two reserves

Answer 3

Great nicobar biosphere reserve
Tiger reserve

Question 4

Why are animals and plants important for us?

Answer 4

They are essential for -
a) Well being
b) Survival of mankind

Question 5

What is a major threat towards organisms like plants and animals?

Answer 5

Deforestation

Question 6

What is deforestation

Answer 6

Means clearing of forests and using that land for other purposes

Question 7

Why are trees in forests cut?

Answer 7

a) procuring land for cultivation
b) building house and factories
c) making furniture or using wood as fuel

Question 8

What are natural causes of deforestation?

Answer 8

Forest fire
severe droughts

Question 9

What are the consequences of deforestation?

Answer 9

a) increases temperature and pollution level on the earth as it increases level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b)Ground water level also gets lowered
c) Deforestation disturbs the balance in nature
d) rainfall and the fertility of the soil will decrease.
e) there will be increased chances of natural calamities such as floods and droughts.
f) we get many products from forests. we will face shortage of these products if we continue cutting trees.

Question 10

How are droughts caused?

Answer 10

a) plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will be used up resulting in its increased amount in the atmosphere.
b) This will lead to global warming as carbon dioxide traps the heat rays reflected by the earth.
c) The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall.
d) this could cause droughts.

Question 11

What is consequence for deforestation regarding the soil?

Answer 11

a) major cause which leads to the change in soil properties. Physical properties of the soil get affected by plantation and vegetation.
b) fertility of the soil will decrease
c) Deforestation also leads to a decrease
in the water holding capacity of the soil.
d) The other properties of the soil like nutrient
content, texture etc., also change because of deforestation.

Question 12

What is desertification?

Answer 12

a) trees prevent soil erosion. fewer trees would result in more soil erosion.
b) removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard and rocky layers.
c) this soil has less humus and is less fertile.
d) gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts.
e) this is called desertification

Question 13

how does deforestation lead to floods?

Answer 13

a) The movement of water from the soil
surface into the ground (infiltration rate)
is reduced.
b) So, there are floods.

Question 14

What is biosphere?

Answer 14

Biosphere is that part of the earth in
which living organisms exist or which
supports life.

Question 15

what is Biological diversity

Answer 15

Biological diversity or
biodiversity, refers to the variety of
organisms existing on the earth, their
interrelationships and their
relationship with the environment.

Question 16

Where did boojhos class go?

Answer 16

Pachmarhi Biosphere reserve

Question 17

How are the plants and animals found in Pachmarhi Biosphere reserve like?

Answer 17

Similar to those of the upper himalayan peaks and to those belonging to the lower western ghats.

Question 18

Who take care of forests and animals?

Answer 18

a) personal efforts of people
b) efforts of the society
c) government agencies

Question 19

How does government take care of forests and animals?

Answer 19

The government lays down
rules, methods and policies to protect
and conserve them.

Question 20

What are protected areas? NAMES ONLY

Answer 20

a) Wildlife sanctuaries
b) national parks
c) biosphere reserves etc are protected areas for conservation
of plants and animals present in
that area

Question 21

Define protected areas

Answer 21

A) To protect our flora and fauna and their
habitats, protected areas called
wildlife sanctuaries, national parks
and biosphere reserves have been
earmarked.
B) Plantation, cultivation,
grazing, felling trees, hunting and
poaching are prohibited there.

Question 22

What is a wildlife sanctuary?

Answer 22

Areas where
animals are protected from any
disturbance to them and their habitat.

Question 23

What are National Parks?

Answer 23

Areas reserved for
wild life where they can freely use the
habitats and natural resources.

Question 24

What is Biosphere Reserve ?

Answer 24

Large areas of
protected land for conservation of wild
life, plant and animal resources and
traditional life of the tribals living in
the area.

Question 25

What do Biosphere Reserves help maintain?

Answer 25

a) biodiversity b) culture of the area

Question 26

What may a biosphere reserve also contain?

Answer 26

Other protected areas in it

Question 27

Give an example of what a biosphere reserve might contain?

Answer 27

a)The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of one national park named Satpura and b) two wildlife sanctuaries named Bori and Pachmarhi

Question 28

What is flora and fauna?

Answer 28

The plants and animals found in a particular area are termed flora and fauna respectively of that area.

Question 29

What are examples of flora and fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve?

Answer 29

Sal, teak, mango, jamun, silver ferns, arjun, etc., are the flora and chinkara, bluebull, barking deer, cheetal, leopard, wild dog, wolf, etc. are examples of the fauna of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

Question 30

What are endemic species?

Answer 30

a) Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area. b) They are not naturally found anywhere else. c) A particular type of animal or plant may be endemic to a zone, a state or a country.

Question 31

What are examples of endemic species of pachmarhi reserve?

Answer 31

a) sal b) wild mango as two examples of the endemic flora of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve a) Bison, b)Indian giant squirrel c) flying squirrel are endemic fauna of this area.

Question 32

What may affect the natural habitat of endemic species and endanger their existence?

Answer 32

a) destruction of their habitat b) increasing population c) introduction of new species

Question 33

define species

Answer 33

a) Species is a group of population which are capable of interbreeding. This means that the members of a species can reproduce fertile offspring only with the members of their own species and not with members of other species. b) Members of a species have common characteristics.

Question 34

What is prohibited in protected areas?

Answer 34

killing (poaching) or capturing animals in general is strictly prohibited and punishable by law in all such places.

Question 35

What do Wildlife Sanctuaries provide to animals?

Answer 35

Wildlife Sanctuaries like reserve forests provide - a) protection b) suitable living conditions to wild animals.

Question 36

What are people living in wildlife sanctuaries allowed to do?

Answer 36

people living in wildlife sanctuaries are allowed to do certain activities such as - a) grazing by their livestock b) collecting medicinal plants firewood, etc.

Question 37

What are Characteristics of Indian Wildlife sanctuaries.

Answer 37

A) Some of the threatened wild animals like black buck, white eyed buck, elephant, golden cat, pink headed duck, gharial, marsh crocodile, python, rhinoceros, etc., are protected and preserved in our wild life sanctuaries. B) Indian sanctuaries have unique landscapes—a) broad level forests b) mountain forests c) bush lands in deltas of big rivers.

Question 38

How are protected forests not safe?

Answer 38

protected forests are not safe because people living in the neighbourhood encroach upon them and destroy them.

Question 39

Which is the first reserve forest of India?

Answer 39

Satpura National Park

Question 40

What are the different things found in satpura national park?

Answer 40

a) The finest Indian teak is found in this forest. b) Rock shelters are also found inside the Satpura National Park. These are evidences of prehistoric human life in these jungles. These give us an idea of the life of primitive people. c) Rock paintings are found in these shelters. A total of 55 rock shelters have been identified in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. Figures of animals and men fighting, hunting, dancing and playing musical instruments are depicted in these paintings. Many tribals still live in the area.

Question 41

How many national parks are there in India?

Answer 41

more than one hundred

Question 42

Why was Project Tiger launched?

Answer 42

Project Tiger was launched by the government to protect the tigers in the country.

Question 43

What was objective of Project tiger?

Answer 43

The objective of this project was to ensure the survival and maintenance of the tiger population in the country.

Question 44

What are endangered animals?

Answer 44

Animals whose numbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction are known as the endangered animals.

Question 45

How is Satpura Tiger Reserve unique?

Answer 45

the Satpura Tiger Reserve is unique in the sense that a significant increase in the population of tigers has been seen here

Question 46

What animals were previously found in Satpura National park?

Answer 46

Once upon a time, animals like - a) lions b) elephants c) wild buffaloes d) barasingha

Question 47

Why has survival of some animals become difficult?

Answer 47

Disturbances in their natural habitat

Question 48

What activities are not allowed in National Parks?

Answer 48

Grazing Poaching Hunting Capturing of animals Collection of firewood, medicinal plants, etc

Question 49

How are small animals much more in danger of becoming extinct than the bigger animals?

Answer 49

a) At times, we kill snakes, frogs, lizards, bats and owls ruthlessly without realising their importance in the ecosystem. b) By killing them we are harming ourselves. They might be small in size but their role in the ecosystem cannot be ignored. They form part of food chains and food webs.

Question 50

What is an ecosystem made of?

Answer 50

An ecosystem is made of all the plants, animals and microorganisms in an area along with non-living components such as climate, soil, river deltas etc.

Question 51

Write about Red Data Book.

Answer 51

a) Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants. b) Red Data Book is maintained internationally by an organisation. c) India also maintains Red Data Book for plants and animals found in India.

Question 52

Why do Migratory birds fly to far away areas every year during a particular time?

Answer 52

because of - a) climatic changes. b) They fly for laying eggs as the weather in their natural habitat becomes very cold and inhospitable.

Question 53

What are migratory birds?

Answer 53

Birds who cover long distances to reach another land are known as migratory birds.

Question 54

How many trees does it take to make paper?

Answer 54

it takes 17 full grown trees to make one tonne of paper

Question 55

How can we save paper?

Answer 55

a) paper can be recycled five to seven times for use. b) If each student saves at least one sheet of paper in a day, we can save many trees in a year.

Question 56

How does saving paper benefit us?

Answer 56

a) we save trees b) we save energy and water needed for manufacturing paper. c) The amount of harmful chemicals used in paper making will also be reduced.

Question 57

What is Reforestation?

Answer 57

a) Reforestation is restocking of the destroyed forests by planting new trees. b) The planted trees should generally be of the same species which were found in that forest.

Question 58

Write about natural reforestation.

Answer 58

a) If the deforested area is left undisturbed, it reestablishes itself. b) In natural reforestation there is no role of human beings.

Question 59

What is the only option to retain out green wealth for future generations?

Answer 59

We have already caused tremendous damage to our forests. If we have to retain our green wealth for future generations, plantation of more trees is the only option.

Question 60

What Forest Act?

Answer 60

In India, the Forest (Conservation) Act is aimed at preservation and conservation of natural forests and meeting the basic needs of the people living in or near the forests.

Question 61

What is the purpose of making national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves? [NCERT BOX]

Answer 61

The main purpose of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves is to protect endangered species, maintain ecological balance, and ensure a healthy environment for all living organisms.

Question 62

How does deforestation reduce rainfall on the one hand and lead to floods on the other? [NCERT BOX]

Answer 62

Reduce Rainfall - a) plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Fewer trees would mean that less carbon dioxide will be used up resulting in its increased amount in the atmosphere. b) This will lead to global warming as carbon dioxide traps the heat rays reflected by the earth. c) The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. Leading to floods - a) Deforestation leads to a decrease in the water holding capacity of the soil. b) The movement of water from the soil surface into the ground (infiltration rate) is reduced. So, there are floods.

Question 63

Animal life is also affected by deforestation. How? List the points [NCERT BOX]

Answer 63

Deforestation affects animal life in several ways: Loss of Habitat: Trees and forests provide homes for countless species. Deforestation destroys these habitats, leading to displacement or death of animals. Food Source Depletion: Many animals depend on forest plants, insects, or other animals for food. Deforestation disrupts the food chain. Fragmentation of Ecosystems: As forests are cleared, animals are left isolated in smaller patches, which affects their ability to find food and migrate. Decline in Biodiversity: The destruction of forests reduces the variety of species, pushing some to extinction.

Question 64

What is the difference between a zoo and a wildlife sanctuary? [NCERT BOX]

Answer 64

A **zoo** is a controlled environment where animals are kept in enclosures for public display and education, often far from their natural habitats. A **wildlife sanctuary** is a protected area where animals live freely in their natural habitat, with minimal human intervention, often focusing on conservation and rehabilitation.

Question 65

What would happen if we had no wood? [NCERT BOX]

Answer 65

Without wood, we would lose essential resources for construction, paper, furniture, and fuel, impacting industries and daily life. It would also disrupt ecosystems dependent on trees.

Question 66

What is migration?

Answer 66

Migration is the seasonal or permanent movement of animals or people from one place to another, typically for reasons like food, breeding, or climate.

Question 67

Discuss the effects of deforestation on the following. (a) Wild animals (b) Environment (c) Villages (Rural areas) (d) Cities (Urban areas) (e) Earth (f) The next generation [NCERT BOOK QUESTION]

Answer 67

**(a) Wild animals**: Deforestation destroys habitats, displaces species, and disrupts food chains, leading to loss of biodiversity and potential extinction. **(b) Environment**: It contributes to soil erosion, loss of water resources, reduced oxygen levels, and increases carbon emissions, accelerating climate change. **(c) Villages (Rural areas)**: Deforestation can lead to poor agricultural land, water scarcity, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters like floods and landslides. **(d) Cities (Urban areas)**: Deforestation affects air quality, contributes to the urban heat island effect, and reduces natural resources for urban development. **(e) Earth**: It accelerates global warming, disrupts ecosystems, and reduces the Earth's ability to absorb CO2, leading to climate instability. **(f) The next generation**: Future generations may face degraded ecosystems, reduced biodiversity, and a harsher climate, impacting their quality of life.