Chapter 5: Digestive System

Question 0

amino acids

Answer 0

Small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

Question 2

amylase

Answer 2

Enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

Question 3

anus

Answer 3

Terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

Question 4

appendix

Answer 4

Blind pouch hanging from cecum in the RLQ. Literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-; form of ad-)

Question 5

bile

Answer 5

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Question 6

bilirubin

Answer 6

Pigment released by liver in bile.

Question 7

bowel

Answer 7

Intestine.

Question 8

cecum

Answer 8

First part of the large intestine.

Question 9

colon

Answer 9

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments

Question 10

common bile duct (choledochus)

Answer 10

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

Question 11

defecation

Answer 11

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.

Question 12

deglutition

Answer 12

Swallowing.

Question 13

digestion

Answer 13

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

Question 14

duodenum

Answer 14

First part of the small intestine.

Duo = 2
den = 10

duodenum is 12 inches long

Question 15

elimination

Answer 15

Act of removal of materials from the body

Question 16

emulsification

Answer 16

Physical process of breaking up large fat gobules into smaller gobules

Question 17

enzyme

Answer 17

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

Question 18

esophagus

Answer 18

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Question 19

fatty acids

Answer 19

Substances produced when fats are digested

Question 20

feces

Answer 20

Solid wastes; stool

Question 21

gallbladder

Answer 21

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

Question 22

glucose

Answer 22

simple sugar

Question 23

glycogen

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

hydrochloric acid

Answer 24

Substance produced by the stomach necessary for food digestion

Question 25

ileum

Answer 25

Third part of the small intestine

Question 26

insulin

Answer 26

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas; transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulus

Question 27

jejunum

Answer 27

second part of the small intestine

Question 28

lipase

Answer 28

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Question 29

liver

Answer 29

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen; secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; filters out toxins

Question 30

lower esophageal sphincter (LES) ; Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 30

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.

Question 31

mastication

Answer 31

Chewing

Question 32

palate

Answer 32

Roof of the mouth

Question 33

pancreas

Answer 33

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin

Question 34

papillae; papilla

Answer 34

Small elevations on the tongue.

Question 35

parotid gland

Answer 35

Salivary gland within the cheek

Question 36

peristalsis

Answer 36

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

Question 37

pharynx

Answer 37

Throat

Question 38

portal vein

Answer 38

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

Question 39

protease

Answer 39

Enzyme that digests protein

Question 40

pyloric sphincter

Answer 40

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach near the duodenum

Question 41

pylorus

Answer 41

Distal region of the stomach

Question 42

rectum

Answer 42

Last section of the large intestine

Question 43

rugae

Answer 43

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

Question 44

saliva

Answer 44

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

Question 45

salivary glands

Answer 45

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

Question 46

sigmoid colon

Answer 46

Fourth and last S-shaped segment of the colon

Question 47

sphincter

Answer 47

Circular ring of muscle that contracts a passage or closes a natural opening

Question 48

villi; villus

Answer 48

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream