Chapter 5 Electrons and Bonding

Question 1

What is the s-block?

Answer 1

(LEFT BLOCK OF 2 GROUPS)
- highest energy electrons in the s-sub-shell

Question 2

What is the p-block?

Answer 2

(RIGHT BLOCK OF 6 GROUPS)
- highest energy electrons in the p-sub-shell

Question 3

What is the d-block?

Answer 3

(CENTRE BLOCK OF 10 GROUPS)
- highest energy electrons in the d-sub-shell

Question 4

Rules regarding 4s and 3d sub-shell?

Answer 4

• the 4s sub-shell fills before the 3d sub-shell
• the 4s sub-shell also empties before the 3d sub-shell

Question 5

What state are ionic compounds in @ room temp. (mostly)?

Answer 5

SOLID

• at room temp. there is insufficient energy to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions in the giant ionic lattice.

Question 6

Melting points of ionic compounds?

Answer 6

Most ionic compounds have HIGH melting and boiling points.

• as high temps. are needed to provide the large quantity of energy needed to overcome the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions.
• melting points are higher for lattices containing ions with greater ionic charges.

Question 7

Solubility of ionic compounds?

Answer 7

Many ionic compounds CAN dissolve in POLAR solvents.

• polar water molecules break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.

Question 8

How does solubility of ionic compounds change?

Answer 8

In a compound made of ions with large charges, the ionic attraction may be too strong for water to be able to break down the lattice structure.

• the compound will then not be very soluble.

Question 9

What 2 main processes does solubility require?

Answer 9

(1) the ionic lattice must be broken down

(2) water molecules must attract and surround the ions

• the solubility of an ionic compound in water therefore depends on the relative strengths of the attractions within the giant ionic lattice and the attractions between ions and water molecules.